Energy: Forms and Changes

Questions to think about What is energy? Does energy come in different forms? What do we need energy for? Can we make energy? Is all energy the same? Where does energy come from?

Nature of Energy Energy is all around you! You can hear energy as sound. You can see energy as light. And you can feel it as wind.

Nature of Energy You use energy when you: hit a softball. lift your book bag. compress a spring.

Living organisms need energy for growth and movement. Nature of Energy Living organisms need energy for growth and movement.

Nature of Energy Energy is involved when: a bird flies. a bomb explodes. rain falls from the sky. electricity flows in a wire.

Nature of Energy What is Energy? Energy = to do work. If an object or organism does work (exerts a force to move an object) the object or organism uses energy.

States of Energy: Potential and Kinetic All energy can be categorized as Potential or Kinetic energy. Potential Energy is stored energy. Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion.

Kinetic vs. Potential Practice Classify the following as a type of potential energy or kinetic energy (use the letters K or P) 1. A bicyclist pedaling up a hill _____ 2. An archer with his bow drawn _____ 3. A volleyball player spiking a ball ___ 4. A baseball thrown to second base ____ 5. The chemical bonds in sugar ____ 6. The wind blowing through your hair _____ 7. Walking down the street _____ 8. Sitting in the top of a tree _____ 9. A bowling ball rolling ____ 10. A bowling ball sitting on the rack _____ K P K K P K K P K P

Common Forms of Energy Some common forms of energy are: Chemical Electrical Electromagnetic Thermal/Radiant Nuclear Mechanical Gravitational Elastic Sound

Name as many of the types of energy as you can. A - Electrical B – Chemical C - radiation D - Mechanical (Kinetic) E - radiation F - Mechanical (Potential) G - Chemical

Why Protect Earth’s Environment? Earth’s environment includes all of the resources, influences and conditions near its surface. The basic resources: Air Water Land Sunlight

Earth’s Environment Contains: Renewable Resources Nonrenewable Resources

Renewable Resources Examples: Oxygen (O2) A resource that can be replaced in nature at a rate close to its use. Examples: Oxygen (O2) Trees Food grown in soil Energy from the sun

Nonrenewable Resources A resource that exists in a fixed amount that can not be replaced by nature, at the same rate it is used. Examples: Fossil Fuels Metals Nonmetals Helium

United States of America – Consumption of Resources You alone consume 40,000 pounds of minerals each year. Stone and Cement: Building Silicon: Fiber Optics and Computers Fertilizers: Farming Aluminum: Cars, Trucks, etc.

What is an Ore? Any rock that contains enough of a metallic element to make separation profitable. Examples of resources found in ore rock: Gold Silver Iron Aluminum Copper Aluminum, Copper and Gold

Supply and Demand Reserve: The known deposits of a mineral in ores that are worth mining.

Mining of Ores Underground mines reached by tunnels.

Mining of Ores Near surface through open pit mines.

Energy Resources: Nonrenewable Energy 1.What percentage of coal is used in the U.S.? 22.7% 2. What are the three types of fossil fuels? Coal, natural gas, petroleum

Fossil Fuels Formed from the remains of living organisms that lived on Earth millions of years ago. Coal Oil Natural Gas

Fossil Fuels Are nonrenewable. Finite, found in limited amounts in specific locations on Earth. Most of the world’s energy come from fossil fuels.

Electrical Energy Most electrical energy is produced as a result of burning fossil fuels The fossil fuels are combusted to boil water to make steam

Coal Organic sedimentary rock, formed from the decayed remains of: plants Examples: Ferns Mosses Trees

United States of America – Coal Reserves

Fast Facts about Coal United States of America The U.S. produces about 1.1 billion tons (20%) of the world's coal. China is second. Coal deposits contain more energy than that of all the world's oil reserves. Each person uses 3.8 tons of coal each year.

Coal and the Environment Coal has a reputation as a dirty fuel source which pollutes the air and damages the landscape. Coal suppliers are utilizing: Land Reclamation Reduction of Air Pollution  No Scrubbers = More Pollution Scrubbers= less pollution

Environmental Impacts of Burning Coal Releases large quantities of CO2 into atmosphere = Greenhouse gas Can cause Climate Change Releases other pollutants into atmosphere = Mercury, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides Can cause acid rain

Oil (Petroleum) Liquid formed more than 300 million years ago from the remains of: Diatoms (sea creatures the size of a pin head) which converted sunlight directly into stored energy.

Formation of Oil

United States of America – Oil Reserves

Oil – Products from 1 Barrel

Fast Facts about Oil Products from oil help us do many things (for example: fuel for airplanes, cars and trucks, heat for homes and to make medicines and plastics).