AP Biology Nervous Systems Part 4.

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AP Biology Nervous Systems Part 4

Stronger depolarizing stimulus LE 48-12 Stimuli Stimuli Stronger depolarizing stimulus +50 +50 +50 Action potential Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) –50 Threshold –50 Threshold –50 Threshold Resting potential Resting potential Resting potential Hyperpolarizations Depolarizations –100 –100 –100 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (msec) Time (msec) Time (msec) Graded potential hyperpolarizations Graded potential depolarizations Action potential

Action potential moving toward the CNS Schwann cell Depolarized region (node of Ranvier) Cell body Myelin sheath Axon

Dendrites of the neurons

Summation and the Threshold potential Stimuli Stimuli Stronger depolarizing stimulus +50 +50 +50 Action potential Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) –50 Threshold –50 Threshold –50 Threshold Resting potential Resting potential Resting potential Hyperpolarizations Depolarizations –100 –100 –100 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (msec) Time (msec) Time (msec) Graded potential hyperpolarizations Graded potential depolarizations Action potential

Heat Light touch Pain Cold Hair Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis Nerve Stimulus receptors Heat Light touch Pain Cold Hair Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis Nerve Connective tissue Hair movement Strong pressure

Middle and Inner Ear

Inside the Cochlea

Cochlear Duct

Balance and the Inner ear

Taste

Smell

. Lateral line Lateral line canal Scale Opening of lateral line canal Epidermis Neuromast Segmental muscles of body wall Lateral nerve Cupula Sensory hairs Supporting cell Hair cell Nerve fiber

Statosyst Ciliated receptor cells Cilia Statolith Sensory nerve fibers

Tympanum for hearing

. Tympanic membrane 1 mm