What is the neural basis of behavior?

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Presentation transcript:

What is the neural basis of behavior? Molecular vs. Molar levels of analysis The Neuron Structure Electrical and Chemical Action The Action Potential and the All-or-None Law Synaptic Transmission Neurotransmitters

Nodes of Ranvier Axon Myelin sheath Dendrites Axon terminals (See Gleitman, p. 63) Nodes of Ranvier (cell nucleus) Axon Myelin sheath Neural impulse (cell body) Dendrites Axon terminals

(See Gleitman, p. 70) Axon At threshold: At 160% of threshold: Recording electrodes 500 msec At threshold: At 160% of threshold: At 270% of threshold:

The action potential Voltage change over Time (See Gleitman, p. 68) The action potential Voltage change over Time depolarization repolarization hyperpolarization resting potential (polarized) refractory period Stimulus onset

These axon terminals have excitatory effects. Dendrite Axon These axon terminals have inhibitory effects.

Temporal summation: Dendrites Spatial summation: several impulses from one source over time Spatial summation: several impulses from several sources converging at the same time

Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ (outside) (inside) (outside) (inside) (See Gleitman, p. 69) (outside) (inside) Na+ Na+ Na+ (outside) (inside) Na+ K+

Axon of the sending neuron (See Gleitman, p. 72) Axon of the sending neuron Neural impulse Synaptic vesicle Axon terminal Synapse (Synaptic gap or cleft) Presynaptic membrane Binding site Postsynaptic membrane Neurotransmitter molecule Receiving neuron

A brief selection of well known neurotransmitter substances (from Gleitman, pp. 73-75): Acetylcholine (+) Serotonin (+) Catecholamines: Dopamine (+) Norepinephrine (+) Amino Acids GABA (-) Glutamate (+)