Glucose Homeostasis SBI4U Biology.

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Presentation transcript:

Glucose Homeostasis SBI4U Biology

Why Glucose matters: Primary metabolic ‘fuel’ Used constantly by living cells As a solute, increases concentration of all fluids Can create hypertonic ICF, ECF

Glucose uptake Into Intestinal cells: Sodium Symport channel Into Blood: Facilitated Diffusion by channel protein

The Pancreas Exocrine function: digestive enzymes, bicarbonate Endocrine function: production of insulin & glucagon in Islets of Langerhans a cells = glucagon b cells = insulin

Antagonistic Pairing Antagonists: opposites, rivals. Insulin: stimulus is increased blood glucose; response is to lower it (helps cells absorb it more readily) All cells respond to insulin Glucagon: stimulus is low blood glucose; response is to elevate it by glycogenolysis Mainly liver, muscle respond to glucagon

Glucose Homeostasis

Glucose Homeostasis

Diabetes & Hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia: elevated blood glucose Diabetes: strong hereditary link; juvenile, adult onset, gestational. Insulin Resistance: slowed response of tissues to insulin; link to obesity, old age.

Diabetes & Hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia: elevated blood glucose Diabetes: strong hereditary link; juvenile, adult onset, gestational. Insulin Resistance: slowed response of tissues to insulin; link to obesity, old age.

Type 1 Diabetes - Juvenile

Type 2 Diabetes – Adult Onset

Type 3 - Gestational Diabetes