What is the Cold War? 40+ year struggle between the US and USSR No official war was fought between the two, an ideological war

Democracy vs. Communism Capitalist – allows for individuals to make and keep their own money Free elections Freedom of thought and expression Communism - Tries to make everyone equal Govt makes ALL your economic, political, and military decisions Opposition faced prison or death

Eastern Europe Stalin never allowed free elections Satellite states Independent countries that are under political influence of the USSR Poland East Germany Czechoslovakia Hungary

The Iron Curtain Churchill agreed with Truman on the danger of communism “An iron curtain has descended across the continent” This referred to brutal soviet policies in East Europe and the threat it posed to the rest of the world

Do you see what I did here? “The Buck Stops Here” Truman wants to face problems head-on US would take responsibility for standing firm against the spread of communism Truman Doctrine: US policy of granting aid to European countries fighting communism Do you see what I did here?

The Truman Doctrine Greece and Turkey were in danger of being taken by the USSR Congress grants $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey

Containing Soviet Expansion George Kennan’s Containment Policy: Keeping Communism confined within its existing borders What will we NOT do?

The Marshall Plan Europe suffered from shortages of food and supplies after WWII Sec of State George Marshall developed a plan-The US gave $13 billion in aid to provide food, fuel, medicine, etc Provide for “economic health” in order to resist communism

Marshall Plan

Warm up

The Cold War Heats Up Germany and Berlin had been divided between the Western democracies and Soviets

Berlin Airlift Saves Berlin Stalin wanted to take all of Berlin He closed off all routes into the city to prevent aid from entering West Berlin

Berlin Airlift Saves Berlin US solves this problem by airlifting supplies in for almost a year Berlin Airlift allowed West Berlin to survive and communism was contained!

Choosing Sides - NATO NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization formed in 1949 Members agree to act together in defense of Western Europe (provides collective security) Western Democracies decide to further protect against Communism by forming an alliance

Stalin Creates the Warsaw Pact 1955-Stalin forms the Warsaw Pact An alliance of all Communist states in Eastern Europe

The Korean War

Civil War Divides China Chiang Kai-Shek Friend of the US US sends billions to aid him in his war against communism, but he fails Retreats to Taiwan

Civil War Divides China Mao Zedong Communist Established a communist People’s Republic of China

Communism Spreads to Korea After WWII, Korea had been divided into 2 different countries It was divided at the 38th parallel North Korea = Communists South Korea = Republic

Korean War War began on June 25, 1950 First, North Koreans are able to take most of South Korea UN votes to allow US to give aid, but the US initially can’t stop the offensive

General MacArthur, leader of US forces, responds by attacking NK supply lines at the port of Inchon

Korean War MacArthur keeps pushing north, hoping to expel communist influence from all of Korea But, as he gets closer to China, China enters the war to save their communist friends

Korean War By 1951-1953, the war stalemates near the 38th parallel By 1952, the war had become extremely unpopular due to large losses of American lives 33,000 US deaths 103,000 injured or MIA 1 million So. Korean deaths The new President will promise to get out of the war 33,000 US deaths 103,000 injured or MIA 1 million So. Korean deaths

“I Like Ike!” Dwight D. Eisenhower takes over the White House Eisenhower threatens massive use of nuclear weapons This and Stalin’s death cause the communists to seek peace

A cease-fire was signed, no side winning the conflict NK remained an ally to China and USSR SK remained an ally to the US Division of Korea still lasts today

Lasting Effects of the War President Truman went to war without the approval of Congress Sets a precedent that other presidents will follow The war also led to an increase in military spending (1/2 the federal budget!)