The Cold War Heats Up: Asia What causes the cold war to heat up in Asia?

Chinese Civil War Started in 1930s, halted during WW II, restarts 1945 Nationalists (led by Chiang Kai-Shek) v. Communists (led by Mao Zedong) US must “contain” Communism, will aid Chiang during Civil War ($2 billion) VS

“Loss” of China Nationalists winning at first but China’s economy worsens Citizens are upset with Nationalists, many join Communists 1949: Mao controls China, creates “People’s Rep. Of China” Chiang and what was left of his army flee to island Taiwan, set up “Republic of China”– “Loss of China” = containment policy fails Stalin & Mao request UN seat be given to PRC, US vetoes

Korean War [1950-1953] Democratic People’s Republic of Korea led by Kim Il-Sung Republic of Korea led by Syngman Rhee

UN splits Korea at 38th Parallel US sends money to S. Korea (ROK) A Country Divided UN splits Korea at 38th Parallel US sends money to S. Korea (ROK) Soviets send weapons to N. Korea (DPRK) Stalin encourages Kim to invade S. Korea, says Truman won’t risk war After NK crosses 38th Parallel, Truman urges UN to take action! When Soviets are boycotting UN over Mao, Sec. Council votes to use troops in Korea

The Fighting in Korea 1. North Korea crosses 38th Parallel on June 25th 2. North Korea takes over almost entire peninsula 3. MacArthur arrives with UN army – push NK to China 4. Mao’s Chinese army enters War – pushes UN back into South Korea back & forth for next 2 years 1 2 4 3

Truman says goal is to get NK out of SK, can’t expand the war MacArthur’s Solution Urges Truman to drop an atomic bomb on China Truman says goal is to get NK out of SK, can’t expand the war MacArthur publicly criticizes Truman to Press & Congress Truman fires MacArthur – costs Truman support

War is going back and forth, Truman popularity at 25% in 1952 Korean War Stalemate War is going back and forth, Truman popularity at 25% in 1952 1952: Truman doesn’t run for re-election – Dwight Eisenhower wins presidency July 1953: an armistice is signed, ending war Communism contained in South Korea