Reconstruction Goal 3 Final PowerPoint

Reconstruction Focus Questions Name five (5) ways the lives of Southern African Americans changed during reconstruction. What group made up the majority of Southern Republicans? What is meant by the phrase “40 acres and a mule”? What were the goals of the KKK? What were the failures of Reconstruction? What were the successes of Reconstruction?

Important Vocabulary for Reconstruction Presidential Reconstruction Congressional Reconstruction Sharecropping Tenant Farming Ku Klux Klan Jim Crow Laws Radical Republicans Freedman’s Bureau Black codes Thirteenth Amendment Fourteenth Amendment Fifteenth Amendment Scalawags Carpetbaggers Redemption Rutherford B. HayesHiram RevelsAndrew Johnson Reconstruction Compromise of 1877

Important People Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson Rutherford B. Hayes Ulysses S. Grant

Lincoln’s Assassination Five days after the Civil War ended, Lincoln was assassinated John Wilkes Booth Andrew Johnson became President. , actor, 1st to be assassinated, assassin found on bar, while watching a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington, DC.

Reconstruction What would all of these freed slaves do? Reconstruction The South was physically, economically, and politically destroyed. was the time period after the Civil War in which the nation was rebuilt, especially the South What would all of these freed slaves do?

Radical Republicans Controlled Congress Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner led this group. destroy the power of former slaveholders. full citizenship, suffrage (the right to vote).

How the Republican Party went from Lincoln to Trump https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8VOM8ET1WU

13th Amendment Outlawed slavery in America Reunited with their families. Sharecroppers or tenant farmers. Sharecroppers: farmers who worked someone else’s land & gave at least ½ of the profit to the landowner at harvest time . Labor system “continuation of slavery” Tenant Farmers: Rented the land Credit system Many former slaves were People in the North called sharecropping the

DEBT: The New Slavery Sharecropping Tenant Farming

Crop Lien a right to keep possession of property belonging to another person until a debt owed by that person is discharged.

Tenancy & the Crop Lien System

Reconstruction Plans Describe the Plan Reconstruction Plan Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Congressional Reconstruction)

How to implement Reconstruction? Different groups had different ideas on how to rebuild. Was the Executive Branch or the Legislative Branch in charge of Reconstruction?

Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan Reconstruction Plan Describe the Plan Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan The government would pardon all confederates who swore allegiance to the Union, except high ranking officials After 10% of those who voted in 1860 took the oath & wrote a Constitution, they could form a new state government and gain representation in Congress

Johnson’s Plan (Presidential Reconstruction) Reconstruction Plan Describe the Plan Johnson’s Plan (Presidential Reconstruction) Each confederate state could be readmitted to the Union if it would meet several conditions Each would have to withdraw its secession, swear allegiance to the Union, annul Confederate war debts, and ratify the 13th Amendment.

Presidential Reconstruction 1. General Amnesty (Pardon) 2. Set up provisional govt. 3. oversee constitutional (create their Constitution) 4. repeal secession 5. election goes back to congress

Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Congressional Reconstruction) Reconstruction Plan Describe the Plan Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Congressional Reconstruction) Divided the confederate states into 5 military districts, each headed by a Union general. The voters in the districts (including blacks) would elect delegates to conventions in which new state constitutions would be drafted In order to reenter the Union, state constitutions had to ensure that black men could vote & the state had to ratify the 14th Amendment (Equal Protection under the law) Congress halted Johnson’s plan and implemented their own. Began passing legislation

Freedmen’s Bureau Freedmen’s Bureau. It assisted former slaves and poor Southern whites by: Health Education Job placement distributing food and clothes, and establishing hospitals, teacher training programs, schools, and industrial institutions. Education, health, job placement, During Reconstruction, Congress approved the passage of the

Carpetbaggers Carpetbaggers were Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction to take advantage of the turmoil in the South humanitarian reasons Some came to start businesses and take advantage of Southern poverty , like to be teachers or work for the Freedmen’s Bureau

Scalawags Scalawags were Southerners who became members of the Republican party Southerners were Democrats during the Civil War To become a member of the Republican party meant you were a traitor

Which 3 groups did the Republican party in the South relied on? SCALAWAGS CARPETBAGGERS AFRICAN AMERICAN

What group made up the majority of Southern Republicans? African American men who could vote for the first time

Important Reconstruction Legislation Civil Rights Act of 1866- gave African Americans citizenship and forbade states from passing discriminatory laws (called black codes) 14th Amendment- made all people born or naturalized in the U.S. citizens. Also gave citizens equal protection under the law (due process of law) 15th Amendment- no one could be denied the right to vote because of race, color or previous condition of servitude

Who did the Amendment exclude?

Conflict between the President and Congress With the passage of the Reconstruction Act of 1867, Congress was in charge of implementing Reconstruction. Andrew Johnson did not agree that Congress should be in charge. Johnson fired the Secretary of War, who was a Radical Republican. This violated the Tenure in Office Act, which limited the power of the President to hire & fire government officials. (Loophole: Lincoln had appointed the Sec. of War).

Johnson Impeached The Black Codes angered many Republicans in Congress who felt the South was returning to its old ways. The Radical Republicans wanted the South to change more before they could be readmitted to the Union. They were angry at President Johnson for letting the South off so easy.

Johnson Impeached Led by Radical Republican, Thaddeus Steven, Congress voted to impeach Johnson. He was found not guilt by one vote. Johnson did not run for re-election. Significance of Johnson’s Impeachment?

Ulysses S. Grant becomes President He was a good general, but not a good politician. His administration was plagued with corruption. Former union general

Democrats Come to Power With the efforts of the KKK, the Democrats came to power again in the South. This time period is known as “redemption”. Democrats controlled the state governments in the South . They also gained power in Congress. Congressional reconstruction did set up new state govt, but they were highly dependent on fed support. South Against this -> KK fight for control.

Compromise of 1877 The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction. In the election of 1876, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was elected President by one electoral vote. Instead of the Democrats making a big issue out of the election results, they made a deal with the Republicans. The Democrats would allow Hayes to stay President, if the Republicans would pull the military out of the South. Against Samuel tilden (Dem). 185 electoral Votes to win Tilden got 184 with three states disputed. Controversy states? What to do about the south? 2pts 186 to 184 Hayes will pull out soldiers out of south. Any rep govt will collapse

Rutherford B. Hayes

Name five (5) ways the lives of Southern African Americans changed during reconstruction. Searched for loved ones Went to school Able to hold paying jobs Established churches Could travel freely They could run for political office & vote

Hiram Revels, 1st African American Senator

What is meant by the phrase “40 acres and a mule”? General Sherman promised freed slaves who followed his army 40 acres per family and use of an army mule Some actually received this as payment Today, this has come to imply that African Americans deserve payment (reparations) for the work their ancestors did for this country as slaves

What were the goals of the KKK? To restore white supremacy Prevent blacks from voting Destroy Republican Party Frighten African American Political Leaders To prohibit African Americans from exercising their rights as citizens * To terrorize those who wanted progress for African Americans

Gerrymandering, rallying to instill hate and retaliation,

What were the failures of Reconstruction? Discrimination and racist attitudes still existed Jim Crow laws established (segregation laws; laws that separated the races) Examples: literacy tests, poll taxes, Grandfather clause

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 They said that segregation was fair as long as “separate-but-equal” facilities were provided for African Americans. The Supreme Court ruled segregation was legal in Plessy v. Ferguson. In practice, the African American facilities were usually “separate-and-unequal.” It would take until the 1965, 100 years after the Civil War ended, for Jim Crow laws to be outlawed and blacks to finally realize legal equality in America.

What were the successes of Reconstruction? The 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments gave rights to African Americans African Americans established churches, schools, and civic organizations

AMENDMENTS ?

BIRTH OF A NATION FILM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8fcpF7x8H4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYCaob7MDA8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPmK1tPl_j0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXxY1QWPBtc Based on the video, which concepts from the notes were mention?

In what ways does the film distort the history of Reconstruction and the role of the KKK in the South? Explain the point of view of the Southern Democrats.

Whose point of view? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIlUerVomDE

IDs Who? What? When? Where? Sequence of events that brings it about notes Historical significance How connected in larger picture.