On the paper you must include: With your partner you are going to create a word for the Cold War Word Door. Using your book and the internet, research your term and how it relates to the cold war. On the paper you must include: At least 3 facts about the term At least 3 pictures (drawn or printed) It must be colored

Communism V. Democracy

SOCIETY AND CLASS SYSTEM Soviet Communism v. American Democracy People can move between social and economic classes Lower, middle and upper classes, are, in theory, available to all All people equal - social and economic status One class society

PROPERTY AND ECONOMICS Soviet Communism v. American Democracy Socialism: in theory, property and business are owned by the community as a whole But in reality, the gov’t controls the economy, including all business and trade Capitalism: economy based on private ownership, of property and business Economy is controlled mainly by free market trade (supply and demand)

GOALS IN THE COLD WAR Soviet Communism v. American Democracy Spread communism all over the world Destroy enemies of communism Cause capitalism to collapse and make everyone “equal” Contain and stop the spread of communism Assist all other “enemies of communism” militarily or financially

“An iron curtain has descended [fallen] across the Continent “An iron curtain has descended [fallen] across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central & Eastern Europe… All these famous cities… lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, & are all subject… to a very high… measure of control from Moscow.” Iron Curtain

East & West Germany

Berlin Wall 1950’s, West Berlin was showcase for West Germany prosperity 1961, E. Germany built wall

Arms Race 1949, Soviet Union developed nuclear weapons 1953, both sides had hydrogen bombs “Balance of Terror” Mutually assured destruction Nuclear war would destroy both sides… Why do it?

Late 1960’s, Britain, France & China have nuclear weapons 1963 Banned testing weapons in the atmosphere 1972 Froze existing number of weapons Limits on Anti-Ballistic Missiles 1979 Absolute limit on number of weapons 1991 Require both sides to start reducing the number of weapons they held

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) 1983 Planned to defend against ballistic nuclear weapons Different defense strategy than Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)

Unlike Soviets, Americans built military bases around the world Cold War Goes Global Soviet Union spreading communism to Korea & China USA made military alliances with Japan & S. Korea Unlike Soviets, Americans built military bases around the world - Encirclement

Cuba 1959, Fidel Castro comes to power 90 miles 1959, Fidel Castro comes to power First communist country in Western hemisphere Seeks Soviet help Bay of Pigs 1961, JFK supported invasion U.S. trained Cuban exiles Surrendered after less than 24 hours Trade embargo

Cuban Missile Crisis 1962, Soviet Union sent nuclear missiles to Cuba JFK, imposed a naval blockade World waited for WWIII

Kennedy v Khrushchev Finally, Soviets agreed to remove missiles 1953, Stalin died Finally, Soviets agreed to remove missiles

US During the Cold War Containment

US During the Cold War Red Scare Fallout Shelters

US During the Cold War Duck & Cover

America’s Postwar Boom World’s wealthiest & most powerful country Strongest currency United Nations HQ in NY World Bank & International Monetary Fund (IMP) in D.C.

America’s Postwar Boom Suburbanization

Segregation & Discrimination Separation Unequal treatment or barriers President Truman desegregated the military 1954, Brown v. Board of Education Segregated schools were unconstitutional

Civil Rights 1956, Martin Luther King, Jr. emerged as Civil Rights leader Boycotts & peaceful marches 1963 Congress outlawed public segregation, protected voting rights, & required equal access to housing & jobs

Government’s Role FDR, Social Security JFK & Lyndon Johnson (democrats) increased government’s role Offered housing for the poor 1965, Congress funded Medicare & Medicaid

Increased military spending Government’s Role 1981-1989 Ronald Reagan (Republican) Trickle-down Reaganomics Reduce gov’t spending Reduce fed. income tax Reduce gov’t regulation Tighten money supply Reduce inflation Increased military spending

Western Europe Rebuilds W. Germany (with help from the Marshall Plan) built modern industrial base Economic miracle Britain had slow recovery Abandoned colonial empire overseas France lost colonial wars & country was demoralized But US $ helped them modernize & standard of living improved

Welfare States Many European political parties Welfare states= country with a market economy but increased government responsibility for social & economic needs of the people High taxes & increased government regulation

European Unity European Community: organization dedicated to establishing free trade among member nations for all products Gradually ended tariffs Allowed workers & capital to move freely across borders

Japan US helped the Japanese create new constitution Took away all political power from the emperor Land reform Education reform 1952, US & Japan sign peace treaty US leaves Keeps military bases & in return protects Japan with nuclear weapons Remain close trading partners - Eventually competitors Economic miracle Exports

What was one positive outcome from having to rebuild completely after WWII? With US protection, how much do you think countries like W. Germany & Japan spent on their military? Where could they put that money instead?

China’s Communist Revolution Mao Zedong Lead communists in civil war against Nationalists Had support of huge peasant population Set up a communist one- party totalitarian state People’s Republic of China

Commonly owned & operated farm Great Leap Forward 1958-1960 Urged a superhuman effort to increase farm & industrial output Organized farmland into communes Disaster Produced low quality goods People lost incentive Food shortage An estimated 55 million Chinese starved to death Commonly owned & operated farm

China, Cold War’s “Wild Card” With China, Communists now had control of 1/5 of the world’s population …But, China & Soviet Union didn’t trust each other US played the China card US could isolate the Soviets 1979, US set up diplomatic relations with China

Both leaders wanted complete rule Korea Independent until Japan conquered it in 1900s After WWII, Soviets & US divided it Soviets supports Kim Il Sung in the North (Communist) US supported Syngman Rhee in the South (Dictator, but not communist) Both leaders wanted complete rule

DMZ: Demilitarized zone Korean War June 1950, North Korea attacked South Korea UN invaded to help the South November, China gets involved to help the North Stalemate 1953, Both sides sign an armistice DMZ: Demilitarized zone

Two Koreas South Korea had economic boom