UNIT 8 Chapter 26 – The Cold War Chapter 29 – The Kennedy & Johnson Years

Chapter 26: The Cold War (1945–1960) America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 26: The Cold War (1945–1960) Section 1: Origins of the Cold War Section 2: The Cold War Heats Up Section 3: The Korean War Section 4: The Continuing Cold War

Presidents of the United States George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880) #21 - … Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892) William McKinley; Republican (1896) Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901) William Howard Taft; Republican (1908) Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912) Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920) Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923) Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928) Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932) Harry S. Truman; Democrat (1945) Dwight D. Eisenhower; Republican (1952) John F. Kennedy; Democrat (1960) Lyndon B. Johnson; Democrat (1963)

CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the origins of the Cold War and evaluate the presidential foreign policies during the Cold War. Objective 8.3: Explain the Causes and effects of the Korean War.

Chapter 26 SECTION 3 THE KOREAN WAR To repel a North Korean invasion of South Korea, UN troops fought against communist forces for 3 years with limited results.

KOREA AFTER WW2 The Division of Korea World War II ended before a plan could be made for Korean independence from Japan. Korea was divided at the thirty-eighth parallel, the latitude line running through the midpoint of the country. A pro-American government formed in South Korea, while a Communist government formed in North Korea. The Chinese Civil War Civil war began in the mid-1920s and intensified after WWII. Mao Zedong won support for the Communists by redistributing land and offering schooling and healthcare. Jiang Jieshi’s Nationalist Party lost support because of harsh treatment of the population, high taxes, and corruption. When the Communists took power in 1949, the Nationalists fled to Taiwan. WRITE THIS DOWN!

WRITE THIS DOWN! The Korean Conflict June 1950: the Korean War broke out when Communist North Korea invaded South Korea to reunite the nation by force. The Korean War was not an official American war, instead it was a U.N. police action A UN resolution, which passed because the Soviets were not there to veto it, called on member states to defend South Korea and restore peace. Roughly 80% of the troops who served in the resulting UN police action were American.

General douglas macarthur First Captain at the Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated top of the class of 1903 In 1930, he became Chief of Staff of the United States Army. He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines Campaign in World War II He officially accepted Japan's surrender on 2 September 1945, and oversaw the occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1951. He led the United Nations Command in the Korean War until he was removed from command by President Harry S. Truman on 11 April 1951.

WRITE THIS DOWN! War ends By attacking North Korean supply lines, General Douglas MacArthur was able to gain an advantage and push north. However, a stalemate developed after China helped the North Koreans push the UN forces back into South Korea. General MacArthur wanted to break the stalemate by attacking the Chinese mainland, Truman disagrees and relieves him of command MacArthur wrote letters to Congressmen criticizing the President Truman had MacArthur dismissed from duty WAR ENDS: A truce signed in 1953 left Korea again divided near the thirty eighth parallel.

Effects of the War Warfare — Limited war, limited victory Post-Korean War Changes in America Warfare — Limited war, limited victory Integration of the Military — First war in which white Americans and African Americans served in the same units Increased Power of the Military — A military-industrial complex developed as the military established links with the corporate and scientific communities. Foreign Policy in Asia — September 1951 peace treaty signed with Japan; relations worsen with Communist China WRITE THIS DOWN!

HARRY TRUMAN Harry Truman retires in 1952 and Republican war hero Dwight Eisenhower wins the 1952 election Truman in Review: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYmpHyG6blM Eisenhower Highlights: From Abilene, KS WWII hero, 5 star general, D-Day Commander Nixon was his VP Ended war in Korea Enforced desegregation in Little Rock Early 1950’s economic prosperity Hawaii & Alaska statehood NASA is created during his administration

The Korean War—Assessment What was the significance of the thirty-eighth parallel? (A) It formed Korea’s border with China. (B) It was the place to which Chinese Nationalists fled. (C) It divided Korea into two halves, North and South. (D) It was the location of Korean War peace talks. Why did the United Nations send troops to Korea? (A) To support South Korea and restore peace (B) To install a Communist government in South Korea (C) To help China defend its border (D) To put an end to Japanese rule of Korea As a result of the Korean War, the United States succeeded in (A) keeping South Korea free of communism. (B) unifying Korea under a democratic government. (C) ending communism in Southeast Asia. (D) pushing Chinese troops out of North Korea.

The Korean War—Assessment What was the significance of the thirty-eighth parallel? (A) It formed Korea’s border with China. (B) It was the place to which Chinese Nationalists fled. (C) It divided Korea into two halves, North and South. (D) It was the location of Korean War peace talks. Why did the United Nations send troops to Korea? (A) To support South Korea and restore peace (B) To install a Communist government in South Korea (C) To help China defend its border (D) To put an end to Japanese rule of Korea As a result of the Korean War, the United States succeeded in (A) keeping South Korea free of communism. (B) unifying Korea under a democratic government. (C) ending communism in Southeast Asia. (D) pushing Chinese troops out of North Korea.