Chapter 7: Becoming a World Power Section 1: The Imperialist Vision Pages 262 – 267

A Desire for New Markets Imperialism is the economic and political domination of a strong nation over weaker ones. Industrialized nations had placed high tariffs against each other, forcing many nations to look elsewhere. To protect their investments, European nations began exerting control over their African and Asian territory. Some became colonies, many became protectorates, the imperial power allowed to local rulers to stay in control and protected them against invasion.

A Feeling of Superiority Social Darwinism: only the strongest nations will survive. John Fiske, writer, argued that English speaking nations had superior character. Known as Anglo-Saxonism, were popular in Britain and America. Manifest Destiny: U.S. expansion to the Pacific Ocean, new destiny: expansion all over the world.

Building a Modern Navy United States became more involved in foreign affairs. 1888: war was risked against Germany from taking control of Samoa in the South Pacific 1895: Mob in Chile attacked American sailors, U.S. threatened war against Chile if reparations was not paid 1895: U.S. backed Venezuela in their war against England in a dispute over the border of British Guiana Calls for a new, larger, modern navy The Influence of Sea Power upon History 1660-1783 by Captain Alfred T. Mahan, officer at the U.S. Naval War College. Every major nation as had a strong navy: England, Spain, France, Netherlands, etc.

Perry Opens Japan 1852: President Millard Fillmore forces Japan to trade with the United States Commodore Matthew C. Perry traveled to Japan to have a treaty signed July 8, 1853: 4 American war ships enter Tokyo Bay; display impressed the Japanese Treaty of Kanagawa: U.S. received 2 Japanese ports and a peace treaty with Japan. Japan was not open to western technology.

Annexing Hawaii With Asian trade growing, American ships needed ports to refuel Severe recession hit Hawaii in 1872, fearing Hawaii would turn to England or France for help, the U.S. exempted Hawaiian sugar cane from tariffs. Senate forced Hawaii to open Pearl Harbor as an American port 1891: Queen Liliuokalani ascended to the Hawaiian monarchy, distrusting American settlers, she tried to create a new constitution imposing her authority Settlers, with help from Marines from the U.S.S. Boston overthrew the queen and asked the United States to annex Hawaii President Cleveland opposed imperialism and restored Queen Liliuokalani to power 1898: U.S. annexes Hawaii

Diplomacy in Latin America U.S. bought raw material from Latin American countries, Latin American countries bought manufacturing from Europe. 1889: U.S. invited all Latin American countries (Brazil, Mexico, Columbia, Argentina, Venezuela, Peru, Cuba, Bolivia, Honduras, etc., Dominican Republic did not attend ) to a conference in Washington, D.C. Idea that the U.S. and Latin America should work together is called Pan-Americanism. Created the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics, today known as the Organization of American States (OAS)