Thursday, March 10th Agenda Warm Up Pic analysis HMWK- Study Get out your notes from yesterday and study SILENTLY.

Civil Rights Picture Analysis

Picture Analysis Activity Study the pictures on each slide. Identify what is taking place and connect it to an event and the people and/or organizations that participated. Write all of the information you know about the event. Describe what feelings or emotions are taking place from those pictured. USE COMPLETE SENTENCES

Event One

Event Two

Event Three

Event Five

Event Four

Event One: March on Washington Took place on August 28, 1963 More than 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington, D.C. Purpose- Rally for Jobs and Freedom. Organized by a number of civil rights and religious groups, the event was designed to shed light on the political and social challenges African Americans continued to face across the country. Key moment in the growing struggle for civil rights in the United States The march concluded with Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech, a spirited call for racial justice and equality.

Event Two: Sit-Ins Peaceful strategy used during the Civil Rights Movement in 1960 Protestors would quietly enter an area they were not allowed to be; lunch counters, segregated swimming pools, white only churches, etc. Treatment of the protestors may have included: Jeers and threats Covered with food and/or drinks Attempts to provoke them into fights were also common The power behind these sit-ins was the non-violent behavior of the protestors Believed the world would only see the violence of the white community and therefore understand the righteousness of their cause. If attacked, protestors would curl into a ball on the floor to protect themselves and take the punishment without retaliation. When the police showed to arrest the protestors, another line of people were ready to take their place. “Citizenship schools” organized by Andrew Young and the SCLC to teach non-violent organizing strategies Many sit-ins were organized by SNCC AND CORE CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)

Event Three: Desegregation of Schools 1954- The Supreme Court declared segregated schools to be unconstitutional in the Brown vs. Board of Education case However, it took many years for schools in the South to desegregate. By early 1964, ten years later, only 1% of black children in the former confederate states attended school with white children Those who did were often harassed constantly It wasn’t until the end of the decade desegregation really started to happen. Along the way, the desegregation of schools led to protests by the school districts, students, and politicians. Many schools remained defiant and resisted integration. Pictured are : Elizabeth Eckford- “The Little Rock 9”- Little Rock, Arkansas (1957) Charlayne Hunter- UGA (1961) Nettie Hunt and her daughter Nickie on the steps of the Supreme Court As of February 5, 2015, there were 179 schools actively involved in desegregation court cases. 44 of them were in Mississippi.

Event Four: Freedom Riders CORE activists planned the first freedom rides in 1961. Thirteen Freedom Riders- male and female, black and white, young and old- leave Washington D.C. on TWO buses Purpose: To challenge segregated facilities throughout the South. They meet resistance along the way: May 4-mid-September, Arrested in North Carolina Attacked in Rock Hills, South Carolina Reached Atlanta on May 13th to meet with MLK, Jr. One of the buses is firebombed in Alabama, while the second bus faces a vicious KKK mob aided by the police. Many riders are beaten. Arrested in Jackson, Mississippi. Freedom Riders never made it to New Orleans but they made a lasting impression on the civil rights movement

Birmingham Campaign Spring of 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama Lunch counter sit-ins, marches on City Hall, and boycotts on merchants were taking place. The peaceful protests were met with violent attacks using high-pressure water hoses and police dogs on protestors- men, women, and children. Images from these attacks caused a response from President John F. Kennedy: "The events in Birmingham... have so increased the cries for equality that no city or state or legislative body can prudently choose to ignore them." Considered one of the major turning points in the Civil Rights Movement "beginning of the end" of a centuries-long struggle for freedom.