Warm Up – April 24 Answer the following questions on a post it: Describe the Four Causes of World War II What kind of attack was Germany using when attempting conquer different countries? What is the purpose of this kind of attack? Why did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor? Why was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor so successful? What did the Japanese hope to accomplish by attacking Pearl Harbor? What was the United States response?

The European Theater European Theater Name given to the fighting that took place in Europe 1942: Britain stood alone against Axis in the west Gen. Dwight Eisenhower = Supreme Allied Commander of the European Theater Allies first invaded through Sicily and up into Italy Mussolini was overthrown and killed

The European Theater Eastern Front: Stalingrad The Nazis were fighting the Russians in Stalingrad (Aug 1942-Feb 1943) One of the bloodiest battles in the history of warfare Nazis are defeated; turning point of the war for the Allies

D-Day

The European Theater Western Front: D-Day General Eisenhower planned D-Day for June 6, 1944 Allied invasion across English Channel into Normandy, France Largest military invasion in history Allies success allowed them to push further into France

The European Theater Battle of the Bulge Hitler’s last major offensive Allies were pushing from the West (from France), South through Italy, and from the East (Soviets) Germany was surrounded

The European Theater German Surrender Hitler committed suicide before he could be captured Germany officially surrendered on May 7, 1945; following day is known as VE Day Now the Allies had to figure out how to defeat Japan

Theaters of War War theater – area where warring activities occur European theater– German and Italian forces Pacific theater – Japanese forces

Japanese Pacific Domination Jan-June 1942 – Japan conquered: Mainland: Hong Kong, French Indochina, Malaya, Burma, Thailand, and a large region of China Pacific: Dutch East Indies, Guam, Wake Island, the Solomon Islands, 2 Alaskan islands, and more General Douglas MacArthur – in command of Allied forces in the Philippines Losing  FDR ordered him to return home  “I shall return.”

Doolittle’s Raid Spring 1942 – tide turns for Allies in the Pacific April 18, 1942 – Doolittle's Raid Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle led 16 bombers in an air raid on Tokyo and other cities Pearl Harbor style air attack... Americans pleased, Japanese hurt

Battle of Midway Midway – an island northwest of Hawaii Japanese code broken to reveal the planned attack on Midway Admiral Chester Nimitz to defend Midway June 3, 1942 – US scouts found Japanese fleet Nimitz sent American torpedo planes and dive bombers Japanese could not react to bombers, all aircrafts remained on the decks  Japanese lost 4 aircraft carriers and 250 planes Americans had “avenged Pearl Harbor.” – Japanese official

Battle of Midway TURNING POINT in WWII in the Pacific in favor of the Allies  “island hopping” to get closer to Japan

Allies on the Offensive August 1942 – 19,000 Allied troops stormed Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands  Japanese left island in early 1943 (1st defeat on land) “Island of Death” Island hopped back to the Philippines in Oct 1944 “People of the Philippines: I have returned.” - MacArthur

The Japanese Defense Kamikaze – “divine wind” – attack in which Japanese pilots crashed their bomb-laden planes into Allied ships Not used until 1944 “a strange mixture of respect and pity” – Vice Admiral Charles Brown Despite the effectiveness of kamikazes, Japanese defense in the Philippines was a disaster Lost 3 battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, 13 cruisers, and 500 men Japanese Imperial Navy severely damaged

Iwo Jima Feb-March 1945 - After success in Philippines, MacArthur and Allies turned to the island of Iwo Jima “sulfur island” Critical asset for Allies  wanted to set up a temporary base to be close to Japan Heavily guarded with 27,000 Japanese soldiers 6,000 marines died – most deadly battle in the Pacific at that time Only 200 Japanese survived Most-enduring image of WWII

The Battle for Okinawa April 1945 – US marines invaded Okinawa an Island off of Japan (340 miles) - “Typhoon of Steel” Allied ships suffered large kamikaze attacks, as well as large land casualties 7,600 Americans killed < 110,000 Japanese killed 2 Japanese generals committed suicide Allies one step closer to mainland Japan

The Manhattan Project Allied victory at Okinawa opened the way for an invasion of Japan BUT Allied leaders knew Japanese troops would put up a strong fight to protect the island. Truman decided to use a powerful new weapon – the atomic bomb developed by the Manhattan Project Truman didn’t know about project until POTUS Led by General Leslie Groves and American scientist, J. Robert Oppenheimer July 16, 1945 – 1st test a red-hot elephant standing balanced on its trunk.”

Truman’s Decision July 26, 1945 – Truman ordered military to make final plans to drop atomic bombs on 2 Japanese targets “The final decision of where and when to use the atomic bomb was up to me. Let there be no mistake about it. I regarded the bomb as a military weapon and never had any doubt that it should be used.” US warned Japan that it faced “prompt and utter destruction” if it did not surrender immediately.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki August 6, 1945 – Enola Gay (B-29 bomber) dropped “Little boy” over Hiroshima (Japanese military hub)  ceased to exist August 9, 1945 – Bockscar dropped “Fat Man” on Nagasaki  leveled half of city By end of 1945 – almost 200,000 people died of injuries because of the bomb itself or radiation September 2, 1945 – Victory Over Japan Day aka “V-J Day” - Emperor Hirohito surrendered Japan

The Occupation of Japan 7 year American occupation of Japan (1945-1952) with MacArthur in command 7 Japanese officials sentenced to death (Tojo) 1,100 Japanese lower officials and guards arrested and tried Reshaped Japanese economy by introducing free-market practices Oversaw the writing of a new constitution with suffrage for women and guaranteed basic freedoms  MacArthur Constitution

ATOMIC BOMB DEBATE 1 – you are arguing FOR dropping the atomic bombs 2 – you are arguing AGAINST dropping the atomic bombs

TOD - April 24 Answer the following questions on the same post it: 1. What were the four major causes of World War II? 2. What strategy did the British and French use in response to Hitler’s aggression? What was the result? 3. How did the United States become the ”arsenal of democracy?” (What two acts did they pass in order to supply the Allies with weapons and supplies?) 4. What battles were considered turning points in both the European and Pacific Theaters? Why are these battles considered turning points? 5. What reason do you think is given in support of dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?