The Civil War What causes the Civil War?.

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Presentation transcript:

The Civil War What causes the Civil War?

Confederate States of America Dec. 1860: S. Carolina secedes from the Union followed by MS, FL, AL, GA, LA & TX, Jefferson Davis named President of CSA CSA writes new constitution, which makes slavery legal 1861: Confederate Army starts taking Federal Forts in South Mar 1861: Lincoln sends supplies (not troops) to Fort Sumter in SC Confederate Army attacks, takes Fort Lincoln wants to use army, VA, AK, NC & TN all secede, WVA is Union

North (Union) South(Confederacy) Population 20 million 9.5 million Economy Manufacturing King “cotton” Other Advantages More ships, weapons, iron Top Generals, very motivated soldiers Strategy Block Southern ports to stop cotton exports, send Navy into Mississippi River, cut Conf. in half Largely defensive Video Question #1 Why are Union Soldiers fighting? What motivated the “rebels” to fight?

Bull Run First major battle of Civil War Back and forth but confederate soldiers won under “Stonewall” Jackson Confederates confident!

Battle for the Mississippi in the west Union General Ulysses S. Grant led forces in the west. Grant wins at Shiloh but loses more men than Conf. (13K to 10K) Grant can now take control of Northern Mississippi River Union General David G. Farragut, takes New Orleans securing entire Mississippi River Video Question #2: Why is the Confederate Army losing so many soldiers?

Battle of Antietam McLellan’s (Union) army beat Robert E. Lee’s army (Confederate) Bloodiest single-day battle in American history McLellan does not chase Confederate army after the battle, Lee escapes Lincoln fires McLellan Video Question #3: Are Confederate Generals may be having second thoughts about the war? Explain.

The Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863) Lincoln frees slaves in Confederate states Proves he still has authority over whole US Doesn’t free slaves in non-Confederate states

Life During the War British stop buying cotton from South, Southern economy hurt Many soldiers forced into Army (conscription) African-Americans made up 10% of Union Army, most famous 54th Regiment Women served as nurses First income tax passed

North Takes Charge: Gettysburg 1863 90,000 Union troops vs. 75,000 Confederate troops 23,000 Union soldiers and 25,000 Confederate soldiers died Confederate army retreats South Lincoln gives “Gettysburg Address”

Grant & Sherman After win at Vicksburg, Grant is now leader of Union Army Appoints William Sherman as commander in the East Sherman begins burning Southern towns to the ground (War Crime??)

End of the War Lincoln reelected in 1864 – North looks likely to win Lee surrenders at Appomatox, VA (April 3, 1865) Peace terms were generous for South, but 13th Amendment outlaws slavery in US Confederate soldiers are permitted to return home