ISSUES THAT LED TO THE CIVIL WAR A NATION DIVIDED

CONFLICTING VIEWPOINTS ON SLAVERY: 1ST ISSUE Sectionalism: Loyalty to one’s own region, instead of the country as a whole. North: South: Northern _______________ (people against slavery) fought to end the practice of slavery Frederick Douglass and other prominent abolitionists spread literature which demanded to stop the spread of slavery and gained much ___________ in the North Slavery was important to South’s __________________ -based economy With the invention of the cotton gin, slavery was vital to produce cotton Southern plantation owners defended slavery as a necessary good and claimed it was their constitutional rights to own slaves

ISSUES OVER THE SPREAD OF SLAVERY: The gap between the North and South widened every time the U.S. gained more territory. The ___________, as with the other ____________________, hoped for slavery to expand into the new territories while many in the __________ wanted it, at the very least, to be contained to where it already existed.

NULLIFICATION CRISIS OF 1832 2ND ISSUE It was a dispute over ___________ (taxes on imports & exports) The North supported high tariffs to support their _____________ ___________ industry against the cheaper products that could be sent to the United States by Great Britain. The South was opposed to this tariff because it took away profits since Great Britain would place tariffs on cotton as a response to the Northern tariffs. Congress voted to renew the tariff, South Carolina threaten to ____________________ (cancel out) the tariff and even possibly to __________________________ (withdraw from the Union). However, Andrew Jackson’s threat to attack South Carolina if they attempted to leave the union worked well enough to keep the state in the fold.

STATES’ RIGHTS 3RD ISSUE Southern states felt their rights were being taken away by the ______________________ government Issues over whether individual states had the right to _________________ and whether the federal government could ban slavery in individual states

SHOULD SLAVERY SPREAD TO NEW TERRITORY? LAND PURCHASES

MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) Southern states wanted _____________________ to be a slave state, while northerners feared there would be more slave states than free states Agreed to allow Missouri to become a ______________ state, but __________________ would also be added as a free state Congress forbade slavery north of the ____________________ parallel (the southern border of Missouri). This compromise settled the debate for almost 30 years with states being admitted into the Union in free and slave parings.

COMPROMISE OF 1850 ______________________________ wanted to enter the union as a free state, but there were not any slave states ready to join at the same time. Northern and Southern states agreed to admit California as a ____________________ state In return, the _____________________________________ was passed which guaranteed the return of any runaway slave to their owners if they were caught in the North. There was much protest in the North to this act but the southern leaders believed it would protect the institution of slavery.

THE GEORGIA PLATFORM Prominent Georgia politicians were deciding if the state should ________ the terms of the Compromise. Led by ______________________ ___________________, and the promise of the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act, Georgia approved the Compromise of 1850. With Georgia leading the way, other southern states also accepted the Compromise preventing a civil war for 11 years.

KANSAS NEBRASKA ACT (1854) This act repealed the Missouri Compromise, which possibly could allow slavery above the 36˚ 30’ parallel. Senator Stephen Douglas believed that states could decide for themselves if they would be slave or free. The territory of __________________________, which was being considered for statehood, was flooded by both pro and antislavery supporters who came to the state to vote for or against slavery. Violence erupted between the two sides John Brown and his sons killed five proslavery farmers in retaliation for atrocities committed by proslavery forces. With all of the bloodshed, Kansas became known as “_________________________________________________ _____.” In the end, Kansas was admitted as a free state in 1861.

DRED SCOTT CASE (1857) Dred Scott was a _____________ who was taken by his master to a free state Upon his return to Missouri, Scott sued the state based on the belief that his time in the free states made him a ____________ man. When the case made it to the Supreme Court, the court ruled on the side of Missouri. The Court went on to declare that slaves and freed blacks were _________________________ of the United States and did not have the right to sue in the first place.

ELECTION OF 1860 Abraham Lincoln was the nominee of the ______________________ party, a party that began in 1854 and whose primary goal was to prevent the expansion of slavery. Though Lincoln’s name was not on the ballot in most southern states, he won the election of 1860 with 180 electoral votes. After the election, the southern states led by _______________________, believing that Lincoln’s ultimate goal was to end slavery, voted one by one to ______________________ from the Union. Georgia, after a three day debate voted to leave the Union on January 19, 1861.

SECESSION IN GEORGIA Georgia’s General Assembly debated on whether to secede or not, several wanted to remain apart of the Union while others did not. Those who did not want to leave the Union included the northern counties, small farmers and non-slave holders, and most importantly________________________________________ __, who gave a speech against secession. Those in favor of secession were large farmers and slave holders, Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown, and powerful and influential men such as Robert Toombs, who had a social and ______________________________ stake in the continuation of the institution of slavery. The General Assembly voted _____________________ to 89 in favor of seceding from the union.