The Eye as a Camera Michael A. Sandberg, Ph.D.

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Presentation transcript:

The Eye as a Camera Michael A. Sandberg, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Ophthalmology Berman-Gund Laboratory for the Study of Retinal Degenerations Harvard Medical School Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary

Principal parts of the camera The lens and filters Cornea Lens Macular pigment The aperture Pupil The shutter Retina The film

Schematic eye

Optical power of the human eye Cornea: 43 diopters Lens (eye focused at infinity): 20 diopters Lens (eye focused at near): 28 diopters

Monocular visual field

Visual angle of common objects Sun or moon: 0.5˚ Thumbnail (at arm’s length): 1.5˚ Fist (at arm’s length): 8˚ - 10˚

Optical aberrations Spherical aberration: < 0.5 diopter Chromatic aberration: 2 diopters

Distribution of macular pigment

Range of Vision

Critical duration

Critical flicker frequency

Visual acuity versus pupil size

Normal Fundus

The Human Retina

Schematic retina

Foveal architecture

In vivo microscopy

Photoreceptor structure

Photoreceptor architecture

Directional sensitivity

Photoreceptor architecture

Rhodopsin localization

Rhodopsin regeneration

Cone pigment regeneration

Dark adaptation

Effect of bleaching on threshold

Rod and cone spectra

Luminous efficiency curves

Spectral sensitivity curves

Number of photoreceptors in the human retina

Photoreceptor distribution

Photoreceptor mosaic

Foveal cone mosaic

Visual acuity versus eccentricity

Visual acuity versus luminance

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