The First Crusade Do Now Analyze the image… What message is the artist trying to convey? Discuss with your partners The First Crusade

Anticipatory Set - Write the following in your own words In 1095, Pope Urban II launched the First Crusade, calling forth knights and peasants from across Western Europe to march against Muslim Turks in the Byzantine Empire and ultimately “re-conquer” the holy city of Jerusalem. You will compare Christian and Muslim perspectives of the First Crusade by analyzing different account of the siege of Jerusalem. Anticipatory Set - Write the following in your own words

Why was everyone afraid to be excommunicated? What is Bull? Why was everyone afraid to be excommunicated? Why did Pope Leo IX excommunicated the bishop of Constantinople in 1054? What is the order of most power to least after the compromise of 1122?

Pope Urban II at Claremont In 1095, Byzantine Emperor Alexios I contacted Pope Urban II about the threats to the pilgrims and Constantinople from the Turkish armies and the Fatamid Muslim’s control of Jerusalem In November 1096, Pope Urban II considered Alexios’ plea at the Council of Claremont, and called for a crusade against the Muslim Turks. Pope Urban II at Claremont Pilgrim a person who journeys to a religious location.

Peter the Hermit Leading an army of crusaders Ten of thousands of peasants, nobles, and clergy responded to Urban II’s call. They sewed crosses onto their clothing to show that they were fighting for God. In fact, the word crusade comes from the Latin for “marked with a cross.” As they marched off to war, the Crusaders yelled their rallying cry, “God wills it!” Crusaders Peter the Hermit Leading an army of crusaders In the spring and summer of 1096, armies of Crusaders departed from Western Europe for Constantinople.

Shi’ite Fatamids (Ruling family from Northern Africa) Prior to the Crusades, there was infighting between Sunni Seljuk Turks, who had conquered a lot of land and the Shi’ite Fatamid Caliphate. Just before the First Crusade, the Fatamids captured Jerusalem from the Seljuk Turks. Knowing the Crusaders were coming, the Fatamids expelled all Christians from Jerusalem.

Capture of Jerusalem Between 1096 and 1099, Crusader armies made their way to Jerusalem, engaging in several major battles with Turkish forces. On July 17, 1099, Crusaders took the city of Jerusalem, after a long and costly siege. Some historians estimate the number of casualties at 100,000. Capture of Jerusalem

Map of the First Crusade

Central Historical Question What happened when Crusaders entered Jerusalem during the First Crusade? Read Document A- Discuss and answer questions Read Document B - Discuss, answer questions, and post response to the historical question. Group A and B come together and discuss/teach your document to your partners * Together read document C and answer questions

Homework - Document C This document is from the French chaplain Fulcher of Chartres, a Christian, who participated in and wrote first-hand accounts of the First Crusade. In this excerpt, written sometime between 1100 and his death in 1127, he describes the Crusaders taking Jerusalem.

Perspectives of Christians and Muslims Do Now - In your notebook answer the following questions. What was the perspective of why did Christians fight for th Holy Land? What was the perspective of why did the Muslims fight for the Holy Land? Perspective: a point of view Christians believed they were fighting the Crusades in the name of Jesus to take back the place of his birth from infidels. Muslims believed they were defending land that was theirs. From their perspective, Christians were brutal invaders.

Later Crusades Fail The Third Crusade began after the Muslims retook Jerusalem in 1189. The rulers of England, France, and the Holy Roman Empire led their armies to the Holy Land to fight for Jerusalem, but problems soon arose. The German king died, and the French king left. Only King Richard I of England stayed in the Holy Land..

King Richard the Lion Heart Saladin the Brilliant King Richard’s main opponent in the Third Crusade was Saladin, the leader of the Muslim forces. Saladin was a brilliant leader. Even Crusaders respected his kindness toward fallen enemies. In turn, the Muslims admired Richard’s bravery. For months, Richard and Saladin fought and negotiated. Richard captured a few towns and won protection for Christian pilgrims. In the end, however, he returned home with Jerusalem still in Muslim hands.

The End of the Crusades Other Crusades followed, but none were successful. By 1291 the Muslim armies had taken back all of the Holy Land, and the Crusades had ended. There were many reasons Crusades fail . The Crusaders had to travel huge distances just to reach the war. Many died along the way. Crusaders weren’t prepared to fight in Palestine’s desert climate. The Christians were outnumbered by their well-led and organized Muslim foes. Christian leaders fought among themselves and planned poorly. The Crusades ended just as they had begun so many years before, with the Holy Land under Muslim control.

Activities - Complete for homework Peasant Challenge: Research the legend of Robin Hood and pay attention to historical details to create “Cliff Notes” Knights: Research a topic related to the Crusades and write questions you will need to guide your own research and place findings and questions in a journal Kings: Cause and effect chart about the Crusades The Crusades Causes Effects

The Crusades Exit Ticket Main Idea Text Support My Words The Christian and Muslim cultures fought over holy sites during a series of medieval wars. What were the results of the Crusades? Response to question above: