Convection and the Mantle

Convection and the Mantle There are 3 main types of heat transfer: radiation, conduction, convection

Heat Transfer - Radiation Radiation – transfer of energy through empty space, has no direct contact between the heat source and an object (Ex: sunlight warming Earth’s surface)

Heat Transfer - Conduction Conduction – heat transfer by direct contact of particles of matter (Ex: metal spoon heating up in a pot of hot soup)

Heat Transfer - Convection Convection – transfer of heat by the movement of a heated fluid (includes liquids and gases); Heat transfer is caused by differences in temperature and density within a fluid (Ex: Water on a stove – water heats at the bottom of the pan, becomes less dense and rises; away from the heat source the water cools, becomes more dense and sinks; the process begins again) This is a Convection Current, or flow that transfers heat. Density – measure of how much mass there is in a volume of a substance

Convection and Density

Convection Convection Currents

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Convection Currents in the Mantle The heat source is the Earth’s core and from the mantle itself. These currents have been acting like a conveyor belt moving the lithosphere above for the past four billion years

Convection Currents, A to D

Convection Currents