Tell if the object is living or nonliving. Let’s Practice Tell if the object is living or nonliving. Nonliving Living Nonliving Living Living Living

Do Now  A hermit crab is living. Explain how scientist determined that it is a living organism. 2) Is the hermit crab’s shell, living or non-living. Explain why.

5 Characteristics of LIFE

What’s the secret recipe to life? 1) Made of cells 2) Obtain & Use ENERGY 3) Reproduction: MULTIPLY 4) RESPOND Homeostasis: MAINTAIN conditions Evolve & ADAPT 5) Develop: GROW Come up with creative way to remember this? HW?

1) MADE OF CELLS/CELLULAR ORGANIZATION A CELL IS THE SMALLEST LIVING UNIT THAT CAN CARRY OUT LIFE PROCESSES.

Single celled (unicellular) organisms makeup most organisms on Earth. Pro Paramecium Chlamydomonas Euglena They have everything they need to be self-sufficient.

In multi-cellular organisms, the cells specialize to perform specific functions (bone cells, skin cells, muscle cells, root cells, leaf cells). Leaf cell Smooth muscle Nerve cell Red Blood Cell

CELLULAR ORGANIZATION Molecules Cells Tissue Organs Organism A PERIOD START SLIDE Organism Organ System

2) USE ENERGY/METABOLISM The SUN is the main source of energy on Earth!! END D?? The SUN makes light that is used by plants! What is the name of this process by which plants convert the energy from the sun into food?

2) USE ENERGY/METABOLISM Photosynthesis: trap the energy of the Sun to make organic molecules/nutrients used for food by the organism convert sun, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose for food and give off oxygen gas

2) USE ENERGY/METABOLISM Autotrophs/Producers- convert sunlight energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis Heterotrophs/Consumers- ingest or eat other organisms in order to obtain chemical energy

2) USE ENERGY/METABOLISM Autotrophs (producers) Make their own food/nutrients from the sunlight (photosynthesis) Convert the food/nutrients into ATP (energy) through cellular respiration

2) USE ENERGY/METABOLISM Heterotrophs (Consumers) - can NOT produce their own food/nutrients - get their energy from plants or other organisms - must ingest their food/organism -converts nutrients/food into ATP through cellular respiration

2) USE ENERGY/METABOLISM F Block Stop

2) USE ENERGY/METABOLISM Cellular Respiration produces energy for the organism in the form of ATP molecules Two types: 1) Aerobic - uses OXYGEN 2) Anaerobic - no oxygen required (primarily by simple organisms) Anaerobic bacteria in gastrointestinal tract

2) USE ENERGY/METABOLISM All living things must have a constant supply of energy and matter Transformation of energy/matter within the body Digestion (chemically break down food) Ingestion (take in food)

3) RESPOND TO A STIMULUS Living things respond to immediate and long-term changes in their environment (shiver when cold, change fur color, plants bend toward light).

3) RESPOND TO A STIMULUS Stimulus - change in environment that causes a response Response - reaction to a stimulus

3) RESPOND TO A STIMULUS a. dogs pant when hot b. pupils dilate in lower light levels c. humans sweat when body gets too hot d. reflexes – touch hot stove, fight/flight Last slide A

Homeostasis 3) RESPOND TO A STIMULUS Maintaining stable internal conditions Organisms utilize a lot of energy to maintain homeostasis Examples: body temp. Blood-glucose pH level: acid/base

Evolution/Adapt 3) RESPOND TO A STIMULUS long term response to environmental stimuli Species adapt and change in response to challenging environmental conditions

Development means to change into an adult form 4) GROW AND DEVELOP To grow means to get bigger and to get bigger; more cells must be added. Unicellular - increase in size Multicellular - increase in number of cells. Development means to change into an adult form (mature) D Block Start

Reproduction can be either asexual or sexual. 5) REPRODUCE Reproduction must occur for a species to survive. Reproduction can be either asexual or sexual.

5) REPRODUCE ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION one parent No genetic variation Energetically inexpensive form of reproduction Budding/binary fission

Sexual Reproduction 5) REPRODUCE Genetic variation as offspring gets traits from two parents egg and sperm = Fertilization Genetic variation Energetically expensive form of reproduction DNA - carries the genetic code Gene – DNA segment which leads to trait

LETS PRACTICE!!! Which characteristics of life is being described? Reproduction Cells Responds-adaptation Grow and develop Energy

Give an example of something living, dead and nonliving. * Living organisms must show ALL characteristics of life. *Dead organisms ONCE showed ALL characteristics but now do not. *Nonliving things DO NOT have ALL characteristics.