Consonants and vowels (Brinton & Brinton 2010) Chapter 2 Consonants and vowels (Brinton & Brinton 2010)

1. The spoken VS the written form of language 1. 1. English spelling 1 1.The spoken VS the written form of language 1.1.English spelling 1.2.The advantages of speech and writing 2.The production of speech sounds 3.Consonant sounds 3.1.Classification of consonants 3.2.Consonants of English and their phonetic notation 4.Vowel sounds 4.1.Classification of vowels 4.2.Vowels of English and their phonetic notation 5.The function of vowels and consonants

Phonetics •Is the study of speech sounds in general Mechanics of the production of sounds Mechanics of how sounds are heard Physical properties of the speech waves Phonology: the study of speech sounds in a particular language

1.The spoken VS the written form of language We learn to speak effortlessly, but must struggle to learn to write 1.1.English spelling Orthoghraphy: the graphic symbols or letters used in writing •Discrepancies in writing: […] Thus, orthographic systems are inadequate in studying speech sounds, and we need the IPA.

1.The spoken VS the written form of language 1.2.The advantages of speech and writing a. Oral Medium can express certain meaning features that cannot always be recorded in writing: […] b. Advantages of writing over speech:

2.The production of speech sounds •Eggressive Pulmonic System: Sound is produced when air is exiting the lungs. Airbronchial tubestrachea (wind pipe)larynx(adam’s apple, valve (vocal cords))pharynx(resonator)vocal tract(oral and nasal cavities) •space between the cords is the glottis •mouth (oral cavity): a.active articulators: •the tongue: -front: tip, blade -back: -root: •the lower lip b.passive articulators •teeth •roof -alveoler ridge -hard palate -soft palate(velum) -uvula -pharynx (not for English)

2.The production of speech sounds •oral sound: velum raised (closed) •nasal sound: velum lowered (open) •nasalized sound: half-closed •voiceless sound: cords separated widely •voiced sound: cord vibration (phonation) •glottal stop: complete closure of cords •loudness: volume of air expelled •pitch: frequency of the sound wave emitted

3.Consonant sounds Speech is phonetic continuum, not a set of discrete movements. Syllable: vowel, vowel+consonant 3.1.Classification of consonants 3.2.Consonants of English and their phonetic notation

ɪf ju ɑr tʃætɪŋ waɪl aɪ əm lektʃərɪŋ , ju wəl dɛfənətli luz pɔɪnts ət ði end əv ðə səmestər.

ɪf ju ɑr tʃætɪŋ waɪl aɪ əm lektʃərɪŋ , ju wəl dɛfənətli luz pɔɪnts ət ði end əv ðə səmestər. If you are chatting while I am lecturing , you will definitely lose points at the end of the semester.

ɑr ju rɛdi fɔr ðə kwɪz?

strəktʃər əv mɑdərn ɪŋglɪʃ

wi ɑr junɪvərsəti studənts

læst jɪr aj rɛd θri nɑvəlz

Horse meat is no joke

hɔrs mit ɪz no dʒok

Billionaire has plans to build Titanic replica

bɪljənɛr hæz plænz tu bɪld tajtænɪk rɛplɪkə

Wall Street likes gunmakers

wɒl strit lajks gənmeıkərz

Rehearsal for the Quiz . dʒɑn kɛri ənaʊnst $60 mɪljən ɪn ədɪʃənəl eɪd tu ðə sɪriən ɑpəzɪʃən [Clues: This news is about John Kerry announcing an aid for Syria]  

Rehearsal for the Quiz . dʒɑn kɛri ənaʊnst $60 mɪljən ɪn ədɪʃənəl eɪd tu ðə sɪriən ɑpəzɪʃən [Clues: This news is about John Kerry announcing an aid for Syria]   John Kerry announced $60 million in additional aid to the Syrian opposition.

Transliterate into IPA Justice Department will urge the U.S. Supreme Court to allow same-sex marriage to resume in California.

Justice Department will urge the U. S Justice Department will urge the U.S. Supreme Court to allow same-sex marriage to resume in California.   dʒʌs tɪs dɪpɑrtmənt wɪl ɝdʒ ðə juɛs səprim kɔrt tə əlæʊ seɪmsɛks mærɪdʒ tə rɪzum ɪn kæləfɔrnjə

Listen and transliterate into IPA

Listen and transliterate into IPA bi ɔn taɪm fə ði ɪntərvju