The Impressionist Movement By: Ben, Sajida & Jason

Impressionist Art Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette, 1876 Alfred Sisley, View of the Saint-Martin Canal, Paris, 1870 Édouard Manet, The Luncheon on the Grass, 1863 Claude Monet, Woman with a Parasol - Madame Monet and Her Son (Camille and Jean Monet), 1875 Camille Pissarro, Boulevard Montmartre, 1897 Berthe Morisot, The Harbour at Lorient, 1869 Claude Monet, Jardin à Sainte-Adresse, 1867

Historical Background Started in the 19th century Created by young Paris-based artists The term “Impressionist” came from a critic/humorist who attended the Salon des Refusés Impression, Sunrise, Claude Monet 1872

The Movement Impressionism is seen as the first distinctly modern movement in painting. Was the artist's way of rebelling against traditional French norms of painting as they disregarded the rules of the French Academy of Fine Arts, the art school that dominated art training and taste since 1648 Impressionist scenes of modern urban and country life ignored the Academic efforts to teach moral lessons through historical, mythological, and Biblical themes They did not care about the fine finish and detail that most artists of their day did, the Impressionists wanted to capture the momentary, sensory effect of a scene - the impression an object made in a that moment.

People Represented Some of the greatest impressionist artists were Edouard Manet, Camille Pissaro, Edgar Degas, Alfred Sisley, Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot and Pierre Auguste Renoir. People that were mostly represented would be middle class and everyday french people. People that are not represented would be people who had no connection with the artists or any of the paintings. The Neo-Impressionist movement was brief yet influential. The term Divisionism was also the name of an Italian version of Neo-Impressionism in the 1890s and early 1900s, and one can trace a line to Futurism which was founded in 1909.

Influences of Other Expressions Japanese prints influenced Impressionist painters. They were interested and captivated by the bright colours, flatness of design, sharp lines and everyday subject matter. Around 1856, Felix Bracquemond, a painter, discovered a set of Hokusai's manga sketches in Paris and soon presented it to his circle of friends and acquaintances. Because of his efforts many Impressionist artists such as Manet, Mary Cassatt, Degas, Renoir, Monet, van Gogh, and Camille Pissarro were all influenced by Japanese art. The Great Wave off Kanagawa, Katsushika Hokusai, 1832

Message & Function Impressionist paintings were usually not very dramatic, emotional or full of deep meaning. Artists made sure to avoid any elements that would engage the viewer's analytical side The paintings were not made to provoke deep thoughts or emotional reactions. They were only designed to create a purely sensual experience. Its function was to break free from traditional art and not convey a message but rather evoke a mood or an atmosphere

Form Impressionist art includes relatively small, tin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emhpasis on accurate deception of light in its changing qualities, ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement as acrucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles Because of Impressionism other comparable styles in other media that became known as impressionist music and impressionist literature

Norms, Values & Philosophies Modernism was the philosophical movement that rejected traditional forms of art, literature, religious faith, philosophy, among other things felt the traditional ways were unfit to the new economic, social, and political environment in the wake of industrialization Impressionism adopted modernism in rejecting the traditional paintings, they no longer wanted to focus on historical figureheads, religion, or mythological beings. They wanted to focus on the lives of the French people. Religion as a whole was beginning to lose some of its value among the French people In the Jules Ferry laws of 1881-2, it was decided all state-funded schools, including universities, were going to be independent from the (Roman Catholic) Church. Dance at Bougival, Pierre Renoir, 1883

Influence of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries, was a period during rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban The Industrial Revolution was a major turning point in history that affected almost every aspect of daily life Standard of living had improved for mostly everyone and wages were increasing as well The Industrial Revolution brought a new faith in the individual and their potential belief that technological progress was significant to all human progress. During this time of discovery, people felt that they had the ability to do anything. The camera was a result of the Industrial Revolution and this invention was a major influence to the paintings of the Impressionists The invention and use of photography inspired Impressionists to capture the moment and the day to day lives of people.

Political Influences From 1852-1870 Napoleon III, although initially authoritarian, began to introduce liberal reforms like freedom of assembly and liberty of the press France’s defeat in the Franco-Prussian War in 1871 was followed by many large protests in Paris that ultimately resulted in the fall of the imperial government and resignation of Napoleon III. With the collapse of the oppressive government, the people of France felt liberated and it was a time of peace for the French The paintings reflected that as they transformed from very dark, controlled and clean to happy, bright, messy paintings Romanticism Realism Impressionism

Short Quiz How did the Impressionist movement begin? A group of artists decided to exhibit their works in Paris' Salon. A group of artists refused to conform to the rigid academic standards of painting put forth by France's Académie des Beaux-Arts and opened their own exhibition. A group of artists left France and moved to America to be free to paint according to their own preferences. A group of artists were trying to recover the rigid academic standards of painting put forth by France's Académie des Beaux-Arts that were being rejected by other artists. None of these

2. Who's painting inspired the name 'Impressionist'? Artist Claude Monet None of these Artist Mary Cassatt Artist Edouard Manet Artist Edgar Degas

3. Which of the following is a major characteristic of Impressionism? All of these Capturing the effects of light Preferring bright, pure colors Using short, quick brushstrokes Expressing a vision of fleeting moments in time

4. What influenced Impressionists? Modernism Cameras Japanese Prints Nature All of the above