Peloponnesian Wars 432 B.C. to 404 B.C. A rivalry grew between Sparta and Athens. During the Peloponnesian Wars, Sparta declared war on Athens. After 30 years of fighting, Sparta won. The wars greatly weakened both city-states. The economic cost was high and poverty became widespread.

Alexander the Great Inherited throne of Macedonia Military tactics and leadership Conquered the Persian Empire to the Indus River Valley spread Greek thought and practice across Africa, Europe, and Southwest Asia 3A

Alexander the Great In 338 B.C., the King Philip II of Macedonia united all Greek city-states under his control. Alexander the Great, his son, went on to conquer lands from Greece, to Egypt, to Persia, and as far east as India. Wherever Alexander went he spread Greek culture and absorbed the cultures of those he conquered.

Alexander the Great

Hellenistic Age Hellenistic Age= blend of Greek culture with cultures from the Middle East and India Spread through conquest Library in Alexandria, Egypt = encouraged learning Hellenistic art, math, science, trade 3A

Hellenistic Culture Alexander the Great blended the different cultures and created a new culture known as Hellenistic. Hellenistic Culture was a blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures.

Hellenistic Culture Achievements Hellenistic culture led to great achievements in mathematics and science. Alexander built magnificent cities, many named after him, throughout his empire. A great library was built to encourage education.

Greek Influences on USA The USA’s government is modeled after the Greek idea of democracy – rule by the people. Our Constitution begins with “We the people…” The Greeks also introduced us to the alphabet. The great philosophers of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle influenced our thinking. Greek art, literature, mathematics, and science.