Electricity and Magnets

Magnets

Magnet Review Magnets are created naturally by a mineral called lodestone. Magnets can also be created with electricity flowing through an insulated wire wrapped around a piece of iron. Magnets are attracted to materials made from iron and steel.

Magnets

Magnets Magnets attract or repel each other. Attract- to pull toward one another Repel- to push away from one another Magnets have 2 poles: North and South Like poles will repel and unlike poles will attract.

Magnets Two types of Magnets: Permanent-iron-bearing metals; magnetic force extends from poles in an arched pattern The magnetic field defines the area where magnetic force is exerted.

Magnets 2) Electromagnet- created by electric current; magnetic force extends from poles in an arched pattern.

Electricity

Electricity Electricity results from the flow of electric charge such as lightning, static electricity, and the flow of current electricity in an electrical wire. Current electricity is a continuous flow of negative charges (electrons) through a medium.

Static Electricity Rubbing certain materials together creates static electricity, or an accumulation of negative charges on the surface of a material. The “shock” associated with static electricity is the movement of electrons to rebalance the charge of a material. Some materials will attract or repel, based on if one or both have lost or gained a negative charge (electrons). Lightning is a discharge of static electricity.

Insulators and Conductors Conductors are materials that allow electrical energy to move through them easily. Examples: metals Insulators are materials that slow or prevent the movement of electrical energy. Examples: rubber, plastics, wood

Circuits

Circuits Open Circuits prevent electricity from flowing through a path with a break in the circuit. Closed Circuits allow electricity to flow through a path. Parallel Circuits have multiple/ two or more paths for electricity to travel through. Series Circuits have single paths for electricity to travel through; usually end to end.

Electrical Energy Common household appliances transform electrical energy into thermal (heat), radiant (light), and mechanical (movement) energies. A moving magnetic field generates electricity. An electric current creates a circular-moving magnetic field that creates electric current.

Electricity Pioneer Scientist/Innovator Benjamin Franklin Contribution- proved lightning is static electricity developed lightning rod

Electricity Pioneer Scientist/Innovator Michael Faraday Contribution discovered electromagnetism created first electric motor

Electricity Pioneer Scientist/Innovator Thomas Edison Contribution created long-lasting, incandescent light bulb developed alkaline battery (intended to power a car)