Earthquakes http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/ http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kml.php.

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Presentation transcript:

Earthquakes http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/ http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kml.php

Energy release caused by shifts in the earth’s crust Plate tectonics. Tie to types of plate interactions. Largest at subduction zones. Humans: lakes, fracking, nukes, mining Epicenter (location above the focus) Focus (where it happens)

Measuring! Richter scale. Log scale, 1-10 Below 3, pretty much you can’t feel them 3-7, the earth moves for you 7+ Danger zone, depending….

Shock waves P waves (primary) fastest S waves (secondary). Rayleigh waves.

500,000 earthquakes occur each year, detectable with current instrumentation. About 100,000 of these can be felt

Effects Shaking (yup, the earth moved) Landslides and avalanches Fires (rupturing fire/gas lines) San Fran. Soil Liquefaction Tsunamis Floods (Quake Lake)

The Killers 1556. Shaanxi. China. 830,000+ killed. Loess caves. 1976 Tangshan. China 240k – 655k. Deadliest of 20th Century. Only a 7.8. Cheap building collapse. 1960. Chile. Largest recorded at 9.8. Double the energy release of the next largest. 2-6k dead. Many tsunamis across the pacific, including tatering Hilo. Good Friday Quake. Anchorage, AK. 1964. 9.2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_earthquakes#Deadliest_earthquakes scroll up and down on this page, many cool things.

(elementary school kid on vacation story)

Some tips Build on rock, not dirt. And especially not muddy sediments. Wood>steel>concrete>brick. Beware glass. Avoid exposure to tsunamis. Standing waves (Tacoma Narrows) Less tall buildings. Earthquake engineering (basically, put buildings on shock absorbers/rollers. Flat areas.

http://wsm.wsu.edu/s/we.php?id=327

Nisqually quake 2001, feb 28 6.8 11AM No deaths, 400 injuries

Alaska. Good Friday quake. 1964. 5:36PM. 27 March 139 deaths (landslides and tsunamis) 9.2. Near Anchorage. 2nd most powerful recorded.

What sort of wave?

1989 Loma Prieta 6.9 17 October, 5PM 63 deaths, 3757 injuries. Occurred during a world series game in CA

42 of the deaths were freeway collapse. Relatively few, as folks were at or watching the game, not on the roads.

http://earthquake. usgs. gov/learn/kml http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kml.php - many things on this page that are cool.

What to do? http://emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/earthquakes/during.asp

Taiwan quake. 6 feb 2018