A speckled emperor moth in South Africa’s Mkuze Game Reserve diverts predators with an illusion. Patterns on its hind wings resemble a mammal’s face, complete with glinting "pupils." Adaptations (15-3)

Struggle for existence A. Prey must elude predators in order to live and reproduce by: Structural or anatomical adaption Behavioral adaption Camouflage Mimicry Physiological adaption

4. Structural/Anatomical adaptation A. Structure used for adaptations and survival B. Usually used to elude predation C. Examples - quills on porcupine, camouflage in coloration or structure of organism, spikes on plants (cactus or honey locust – 4 inch spines)

Walking leaf insect Camouflage Walking stick Birch moth Tree hoppers A means of concealment that allows the organisms to blend into its environment.

Weedy sea dragon Leafy sea dragon

Mimicry – the ability to imitate other animals traits to elude predators Calicgo butterfly mimics an owls eye Bumble bee moth mimics a real bumble bee

5. Physiological adaptation A. Physical traits inherited for survival B. Examples - Poison/venom of snakes, proteins used in spiders webs, ink of octopus 1. death adder, gila monster, box jelly fish, blue ringed octopus

6. Behavioral adaptations A 6. Behavioral adaptations A. Behavior response of an animal due to environmental changes. B. Example - Migration of whale and birds, hibernation, squirrels storing nuts, tracking prey, using tools for food, hunting in groups 1. Sea otters use rocks to open their prey, wolves using scent to track prey, snakes tracking prey with sense organs, some monkey species use tools to obtain food or even season their food.

Japanese macaque – swims in the warm water when cold outside also seasons its food in the salt water while washing off the dirt/sand sea otter – uses a rock to open up shells to eat the meat Squirrel – stores nuts to eat when winter comes

The invisible Octopus

Indonesian Octopus