India Seeks Self-Rule Chapter 12 Section 3.

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Presentation transcript:

India Seeks Self-Rule Chapter 12 Section 3

Calls for Independence After WWI, Indians were expecting independence. Amritsar Massacre: April 13, 1919. Peaceful protest turned violent when British soldiers kill 400 Indians and injure 1,100. Turning point for India.

Calls for Independence Indian National Congress Party forms to call for freedom. Made of mostly middle class, Western-educated Indians. Muslims feared Hindu majority. 1920s: Mohandas Gandhi emerges as leader.

Gandhi and the Power of Non-violence Middle class Indian family Studied law in England at age 19 Took vow of poverty and purity

Gandhi and the Power of Non-violence Satyagraha- nonviolent resistance. The “soul- force”- the quiet pursuit of truth; meditation Ahimsa- nonviolence and respect for all life Love- inspired by teachings of Jesus Christ Gandhi’s Ideas Civil Disobedience: refusal to obey unjust laws Democracy and equality (inspired by study of English law)

Satyagraha: The “Soul-Force” and Quiet Pursuit of Truth. Sit-in at a lunch counter. Jackson, Mississippi 1963.

Nonviolence and Pursuit of Truth: Two Leaders Mohandas Gandhi Martin Luther King, Jr.

Gandhi’s Stand: The Salt March British had a salt monopoly in India; Indians could only buy salt from Britain. March 12, 1930: Gandhi sets out with 78 followers on a 240-mile march to the sea. They collect hundreds of followers along the way. April 6: Gandhi steps into the sea and picks up lump of sea salt. Arrested and jailed.

Gandhi’s Stand: The Salt March Indians follow his lead. Collect and sell salt themselves; thousands are jailed. News around the world reports of Britain’s harsh treatment of Indians. Britain is slowly forced to give more power to India.

Looking Ahead India finally gains independence after WWII, but problems between Muslims and Hindus continued. August 1947: Two new nations of India (Hindu) and Pakistan (Muslim) are born. Conflicts between the two nations continue today.