Minerals Chapter 3 p. 74

Lesson 1 What is a mineral? Naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an orderly arrangement of atoms Organic-living Atom-tiniest part of elements Element-a part of something composition-(compose) what things are made of Many objects in your home are made from minerals-examples: shampoo, deodorant, make up, belt buckle, jewelry, zippers, salt, etc…. Minerals are everywhere-tallest mountain tip to the deepest ocean floor

Mineral Composition Periodic table of all chemical elements-Minerals have a chemical formula Minerals form predictable crystal patterns (look at salt under magnifying glass) View pics p. 78 Minerals are solids but not all solids are minerals Liquids and gases are not minerals

Structure of Minerals Minerals come in different shapes and sizes - usually small though Usually in grow in tiny clusters Compare pics on p. 80 Compare table salt, Himalayan salt, and Epson salt The mineral’s chemical structure makes each one unique

Common Minerals Oxygen and silicon found in Earth’s crust and forms Quartz Feldspar Olivine Pyroxene Amphibole Mica Calcite Halite Pics on p. 81

How do minerals form? In a variety of environments Process called crystallization-parts dissolved in a liquid or a melt solidify and forms crystals (hot and cold) Water flows underground eroding rocks into tiny minerals Water evaporates and leaves these minerals behind Minerals also come from magma flowing out of volcanoes

Lesson 2 How are minerals identified? Properties - characteristics Properties of minerals: color, luster, streak, hardness, fracture, cleavage, density, touch/feel, odor, fluorescence, magnetism Mineralogists are scientists who study mineral properties and mineral uses Luster-the way a mineral reflects or absorbs light Streak-the color of a mineral in powder form (scrape a rock on concrete) Cleavage breaks smoothly. Fracture breaks unevenly. Density-how compact or pressed together

Does it float or sink? Volleyballs and bowling balls are the same size but the bowling ball has more density since it is more compact/pressed together Which one floats? Sinks? You Predict! Toy soldier? Dice? Marble? Eraser? Egg? Penny? Nickel? Dime? Quarter? Key? Twig? Ping Pong ball? Golf ball? Bouncy ball? Watch video on virtual density lab

Lesson 3 Uses of Minerals Where do rocks, bricks, and metals come from? Average person uses 22K kg of minerals annually Minerals are mined Some minerals are metallic or nonmetallic Watch video on Minerals in our Daily Life

A few examples of uses of Minerals Copper - wiring Quartz - glass and ceramics Aluminum - electronics, transportation Zinc - steel Sand/Gravel - concrete Sulfur - rubber Iron - nails, faucets Lithium - batteries Titanium - paint Silica - glass Pic p. 96

Rare/Essential Minerals Gold and Black Opal. Platinum-only mined in 3 places around the world. Painite- only 2 crystals ESSENTIAL Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Iodine, Fluoride MOST EXPENSIVE Painite, Blue Diamond ($3.9 M per carat), Black Opal ($3.5K per carat), Platinum, Gold, Rubies, Jadeite ($20K per carat), Blue Garnet, Lithium HARDEST: Diamond SOFTEST: Talc

Gemstones A rare and attractive mineral that can be worn as jewelry They are cut and polished Most gemstones are synthetic stones made by man and are less expensive than natural gemstones Common gemstones: emerald, sapphire, ruby, diamond, amethyst, and peridot Look at chemical formulas of these gems Pic on p. 98

Mohs Scale 1812 Vickers Scale 1921 Rates minerals and gemstones based on hardness Began with seeing which minerals visibly scratch others Watch video on Mineral Hardness Test

Review for Test Using textbook and notes, individually complete the graphic organizer on p. 103 Title it Ch 3 Minerals and turn it in with your name on it. Then work in partners to complete the review on p. 104 (1-10) Write in capital letters. Keep answers in your binder. Title it Ch 3 Minerals Review p. 104 Practice Quizlet on Chromebooks/Ipads/Desktops Know vocabulary in your binder Study notes from Power Point Test time: I expect A’s :) #youcandothis