Mineral and bone disorders in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease patients: new insights into vitamin D receptor activation  Jordi Bover, Mario Cozzolino  Kidney International Supplements  Volume 1, Issue 4, Pages 122-129 (September 2011) DOI: 10.1038/kisup.2011.28 Copyright © 2011 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The interrelated nature of biochemical abnormalities, bone disease, and extraskeletal calcification in chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder. Reprinted from Moe et al.,14 copyright 2011, with permission from Elsevier. CVD, cardiovascular disease. Kidney International Supplements 2011 1, 122-129DOI: (10.1038/kisup.2011.28) Copyright © 2011 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Reduced VDR activation and outcome. The reduction of VDR activation is associated with multiple deleterious effects in different systems leading to an increase in mortality. RAS, renin–angiotensin system; SHPT, secondary hyperparathyroidism; VDR, vitamin D receptor. Kidney International Supplements 2011 1, 122-129DOI: (10.1038/kisup.2011.28) Copyright © 2011 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions