Graduate Lecture Series

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Presentation transcript:

Graduate Lecture Series 29 June – 3 July, 2009 Prof Ngee-Pong Chang Lecture 5 Superconductivity Flux Quantization & SQUID

Kammerlingh Onnes 1853-1926 On the Sudden Rate at Which the Resistance of Mercury Disappears Communications of the Leiden Laboratory, 1911

Onnes-Holst measurement of Hg resistance http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1972/schrieffer-lecture.pdf Onnes-Holst measurement of Hg resistance

Meissner Effect 1933 Robert Ochsenfeld Walther Meissner 1882 - 1974

Inside sphere

Superconductivity

Drude’s Theory of Conductivity Perfect conductor Limit

London’s Equations London’s Equation London’s Equation Superconductor Is better than perfect conductor London’s Equation London’s Equation

London Equations Fritz London

Proc Roy Soc A149, 71, 1935

Maxwell’s Equations for Superconductor

http://web. mit. edu/6. 763/www/FT03/Lectures/Lecture17 http://web.mit.edu/6.763/www/FT03/Lectures/Lecture17.pdf#search=%22superconducting%20phase%20diagram%20lecture%22 http://web.mit.edu/6.763/www/FT03/Lectures/Lecture17.pdf#search=%22superconducting%20phase%20diagram%20lecture%22

http://web. mit. edu/6. 763/www/FT03/Lectures/Lecture17 http://web.mit.edu/6.763/www/FT03/Lectures/Lecture17.pdf#search=%22superconducting%20phase%20diagram%20lecture%22 http://web.mit.edu/6.763/www/FT03/Lectures/Lecture17.pdf#search=%22superconducting%20phase%20diagram%20lecture%22

BCS Theory of Superconductivity John Bardeen Leon Cooper John R. Schrieffer BCS Theory of Superconductivity Phys.Rev.108, 1175 (1957)

In Absence of Magnetic Field Cooper Pair has zero momentum Superconductor Charge Density In Absence of Magnetic Field Cooper Pair has zero momentum

In absence of Magnetic Field In presence of Magnetic Field momentum In presence of Magnetic Field momentum

In the Presence of Magnetic Field Cooper Pair with zero momentum

Superconducting Current charge density is constant phase depends on vector potential Superconducting Current Superconducting current

Quantization of Flux

Deep inside

Deep inside fluxoid

Fluxoid Quantization B.Deaver & W. Fairbank Phys Rev Lett 7, 43 (1961) http://web.mit.edu/6.763/www/FT03/Lectures/Lecture10.pdf

Brian D. Josephson 1940 -

Vo I II

Vo I II

Josephson Current

Anderson & Rowell experiment, 1963 D.C. Josephson effect Anderson & Rowell experiment, 1963 For V ≠ 0 , JDC = 0 For V = 0 , JDC = Jo sin δo P.W. Anderson

A.C. Josephson Current

A.C. Josephson Current

Coupled Josephson Junctions in an external magnetic field SQUID a Ca P Q Cb b Coupled Josephson Junctions in an external magnetic field

SQUID current for general Flux Ca P Q Cb b

SQUID

SQUID Biomagnetic Device

Look to the Galaxies

Is terrestrial physics different than celestial ?

10-12 August, 2005 Nanyang Technological University National University of Singapore Biopolis, A*STAR