The Cell: Basic Review

The Cell ©http://www.terrapsych.com/cell.gif

Cell membrane ©http://micro. magnet. fsu

Cell membrane Consists of protein and lipid Selectively permeable; controls all entering and exiting of molecules All molecules enter the cell by way of osmosis, diffusion, or active transport Antigen markers: protein or carbohydrates on the surface of the membrane that identify the cell for recognition by the immune system Appears to be a target of disease

Mitochondria

The site of cellular respiration Produces ATP –energy supply for cells Oval shaped organelle The site of cellular respiration Produces ATP –energy supply for cells Place where glucose is broken down by the addition of oxygen

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Two types: Rough ER: manufactures and packages proteins Has ribosomes attached to it Smooth ER: stores and transports steroids, ions, etc. and filters toxins such as poisons and drugs

Golgi Complex

Customizes proteins with a carbohydrates (glycoproteins) or lipids (lipoproteins)

Lysosomes

Contains protein digesting enzymes Capable of digesting cell from the inside if lysosome membrane breaks Hence the nickname “suicide sacs” Many cellular disorders are associated with their malfunction

Centrioles Form the spindle fibers to which the chromosomes attach during mitosis

Nucleus

Control center of the cell Surrounded by a double nuclear membrane Contains chromatin consisting of DNA (genetic material) Diseases affecting the nucleus are usually fatal