Benjamin Franklin on the purpose of daylight savings time 11/11/2018 Title: Anat & Phys 11/2/06 Objectives: To learn about bone physiology. Class Topics Notes Skeletal Physiology "183 nights between 20 March and 20 September times 7 hours per night of candle usage equals 1,281 hours for a half year of candle usage. Multiplying by 100,000 families gives 128,100,000 hours by candlelight. Each candle requires half a pound of tallow and wax, thus a total of 64,050,000 pounds. At a price of thirty sols per pounds of tallow and wax (two hundred sols make one livre tournois), the total sum comes to 96,075,000 livre tournois.” Benjamin Franklin on the purpose of daylight savings time Sunday, November 11, 2018 1:50 AM

Class Assignments Skeletal System Test 11/8/06 Due this class period 11/11/2018 Class Assignments What By When Skeletal System Test 11/8/06 Due this class period Due next class period Due in the future

11/11/2018 Review Draw an osteon Label – osteonic canal, lamellae, lacunae, osteocyte, canaliculi Name three bones formed in intramembranous bone formation Name 4 functions of the skeletal system and a bone that serves for each function Explain the differences between epiphysis and diaphysis Location, bone, marrow, function of marrow

Functions of the Skeletal System 11/11/2018 Functions of the Skeletal System Protection Support Movement Storage of Calcium Blood Cell formation

Walden Henry David Thoreau (1817 – 1862) 11/11/2018 Walden Henry David Thoreau (1817 – 1862) I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, to discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and to be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. “Dead Poets Society”

From: http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/canalicl.jpg 11/11/2018 From: http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20H%20Skeletal%20System.htm From: http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/canalicl.jpg

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From: http://137.222.110.150/calnet/musculo/page4.htm 11/11/2018 From: http://137.222.110.150/calnet/musculo/page4.htm

Intersititial Growth (length) 11/11/2018 Intersititial Growth (length) Occurs at epiphyseal plate chondrocytes divide and move material toward epiphysis Closer to the diaphysis older cartilage converts to bone - increase length of diaphysis Chondrocytes stop growing when acted upon by hormones from the pituitary gland

From: http://137.222.110.150/calnet/musculo/page4.htm 11/11/2018 From: http://137.222.110.150/calnet/musculo/page4.htm

Interstitial Growth Epiphyseal line 11/11/2018 Interstitial Growth Epiphyseal line old epiphyseal plate in those that have ceased growth http://137.222.110.150/calnet/musculo/page4.htm

Appositional Growth (width) 11/11/2018 Appositional Growth (width) Osteoblasts lay down bone on surface Osteoclasts dissolve bone Osteoblasts work harder than osteoclasts weight bearing exercise

Bone Remodeling Continually broken down and built back up 11/11/2018 Bone Remodeling Continually broken down and built back up every 30 years each bone is completely renewed

11/11/2018 Osteoporosis Essay What? Who? Gender Race

Osteoporosis Essay When? Why? Risk factors Ways to avoid Activities 11/11/2018 Osteoporosis Essay When? Why? Risk factors Ways to avoid Activities diet

Risk factors? Gender lack of exercise Diet Smoking Drinking Genetics 11/11/2018 Risk factors? Gender Women have smaller skeletal structures Larger women are less likely to get osteoporosis Lack of estrogen Removal of ovaries (one or both) lack of exercise Weight bearing exercise Diet Calcium Phosphoric acid Caffeine Smoking Lowers levels of hormones Drinking Reduces ability of bone cells Genetics Family history “Race” Asian and caucasian more likely

11/11/2018 From: http://www.arc.org.uk/about_arth/booklets/6028/6028.htm From: http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov/whusa02/Page_51.htm

Fractures Simple Compound greenstick - incomplete complete 11/11/2018 Fractures Simple greenstick - incomplete Stress???? complete communited - fragmentation Compound pierces the skin

From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/xrays/1wrist/wrfx2l.html 11/11/2018 From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/xrays/1wrist/wrfx2l.html

From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/xrays/1wrist/wrifxl.html 11/11/2018 From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/xrays/1wrist/wrifxl.html

From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/xrays/1elbow/1armxl.html 11/11/2018 From: http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/xrays/1elbow/1armxl.html

Healing fractures Immediately 48 hours Several days 4-6 weeks 11/11/2018 Healing fractures Immediately swelling, blood clot, lymphocytes 48 hours procallus - protein matrix Several days fibroblasts lay down periosteum chondroblasts and osteoblasts get to work 4-6 weeks osseous callus - internal splint - ends cemented together