Human trafficking in Canada By: Leah & Maddison

What is Human Trafficking? Human trafficking can be classified under many names, though it is most commonly known as modern-day slavery. There are many different types of human trafficking, while some more common than others, though all are present in Canada. There are six main types of trafficking:

Sex Trafficking A person being forced into the commercial sex industry Common ages to enter into this is 14-16 Held against will via... Fraud Bribery Coercion This can be in many forms Prostitution Pornography Sexual Performance Or any other sexual act done in exchange for goods or money

Forced Labor The act of being forced into work/labor with no rewards or pay. Involuntary work Most commonly used in industries that create products Most forced labor is invoked by imposing any kind of major penalty violence or intimidation manipulated debt retention of identity papers threats of denunciation to immigration authorities. Threats towards family\friends

Bondage Labor/Debt Bondage Bondage labor or, debt bondage is one of the more common forms of modern slavery. Forced labor is when someone is forced and manipulated into a cycle of ‘repaying’ a debt. The grand majority, if not all of what they earn goes towards paying off their debt In some cases, entire families work to pay off one person's debt

Domestic Servitude Domestic Servitude is a form of forced labor. Victims of domestic servitude Often start off as nannies or other forms of help When their job becomes forced (I.E. lack of payment/ held against will) it becomes slavery

Forced Child Labor The act of forcing an under aged child into any form of work while being deprived of their: Childhood potential dignity payment

Child Recrutement/Child Soldiers Child soldiers are children as young as 8 years of age that are trained to go into the armed forces often placed in the front line sent on suicide missions sent as messengers/spies

Stats Between 2009-2014 there were 506 police reported incidents that involved human trafficking 396 victims 93% of these were female 47% were between the ages of 18-24 25% were under the age of 18 91% of victims knew the person accused of the crime 30% of victims experienced physical injury as a result of human trafficking 83% of traffickers were male In April of 2012, according to publicsafty.gc.ca there were approximately 56 cases on human trafficking before the courts There was at least 85 accused and 136 victims At least 26 of these victims were underage at the time Less than 10% of these cases involved people brought in from other countries

Who? Statistics show that the majority of traffickers are male canadian citizens Typically between the ages of 19-32. Female traffickers have often worked with a male partner. The most common victims of human trafficking in Canada are female citizens Between the ages of 14-22, typically caucasian. Often targets are at a higher risk when in need of financial support or desire affection. Others at constant risk include Aboriginal women and youth, migrants and new immigrant, teenage runaways/ orphans

Where does it affect? The most common places for sexual exploitation are... Nightclubs/ bars Modeling studios Escort services Massage Parlors Private residences And social media Human Trafficking in canada is most commonly found in… Ontario Quebec Alberta British Columbia Major cities are often common ground for human trafficking.

What are the methods traffickers use? Human trafficking is done in steps: False trust This is done by luring the victim in with a sense of safety Often with fake job offers, a false affection, promise of adventure, promises of protection, etc… Isolation/ Transportation The victim is then lured into a place to be singled out This can be the “workplace” they were promised or an invitation to a new city to start a new life Whatever the case, it is usually voluntary at this stage due to lies set in stage one Exploitation Once alone, the traffickers will use/ exploit their victims They often don't run due to threats, abuse and, a feeling of having nowhere to go

Why do people traffick? High profit Low risk $99 billion from commercial sexual exploitation $34 billion in construction, manufacturing, mining and utilities $9 billion in agriculture, including forestry and fishing $8 billion dollars is saved annually by private households that employ domestic workers under conditions of forced labor Low risk Victims fear coming forward due to lack of protection from the Criminal Justice System. Low conviction rate Minimal sentence of 4-6 years

Why is it so hard to end? Most trafficking in Canada goes unreported Due to fear of threats A victims reliance on their trafficker Money Emotional bonds And many other psychological bonds Going under the radar Often there is no news coverage on stories like these Therefore, authorities do not often get proper training The public is not made aware Lack of knowledge means easier victims

Why is it so hard to end? An overwhelming issue Legal Definitions Victims are being abducted faster than they can be freed This piles back making it a losing uphill battle Legal Definitions With unclear laws made in the past it is not extremely difficult to find loopholes Authorities are forced to follow laws and jump through hoops to stop this issue

What is done to prevent it? In Canada, there are many organizations in place which include but are not limited to: The Canadian Center To End Human Trafficking The only nationwide organization to end human trafficking in Canada Their goal is to create a strategy for change that can be applied throughout Canada. SAME Visits schools and businesses to spread awareness and information on human trafficking and modern slavery They are based in Ontario and make their primary focus schools. Pauktuutit They stand to empower Inuit women and provide a safe welcome space

Discussion Please take five minutes to discuss the questions provided in a group: What are effective way you can think of to reduce or stop human trafficking? Why is it still such a persistent issue today even though widely accepted as wrong? How is Canada's prison system bordering the line of legality/slavery?

Story “ ‘Broken’ is the same word Detective-Sergeant Nunzio Tramontizzi of of the Toronto police force’s human Trafficking enforcement team uses to describe one girl he came across recently. She’d been locked in a basement apartment and forced to service men there and at hotels and in cars. ‘And how old was she?’ Tramontizzi was asked, ‘13’ ” -Grant, Tavia. “The Trafficked: How Sex Trafficking Works in Canada.” theglobeandmail.com.

Sources: globalnews.ca www.publicsafety.gc.ca www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca www.antislavery.org www.statcan.gc.ca www.endslaverynow.org www.walkfreefoundation.org www.canadiancentretoendhumantrafficking.ca www.intersectionalanalyst.com