Introduction to the Structural Units Chapter 1 Introduction to the Structural Units

Learning Targets 1. I can identify the major parts of each body system. 2. I can describe the functions of each body system. 3. I can demonstrate anatomical positions. 4. I can demonstrate terminology of body directions. 5. I can list the body cavities and an organ located in each. 6. I can define organs and describe their relationship to a body system. 7. I can describe aging of the body. 8. I will have Knowledge of Metric System.

Anatomy and Physiology Shape and structure of an organism’s body and the relationship of one body part to another Physiology Function of each body part and how the functions of various body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism

Branches of Anatomy Gross anatomy Microscopic anatomy Studies Large/easily observed structures on an organism Dissection & visible inspection with naked eye Microscopic anatomy See though microscope Cytology- study of structure/function/dev of cells Histology- study of tissue & organs

Branches of Anatomy Developmental anatomy Comparative anatomy Studies growth & development of organism during lifetime Embryology- studies formation of organism from egg to birth Comparative anatomy Human compared to animals Systematic anatomy Study of organs Ex: dermatology, endocrinology, neurology

Create a foldable… Branches Of Anatomy  -Anatomy -Physiology -Gross -Developmental -Cytology -Histology -Microscopic -Embryology -Comparative -Systematic

Anatomical Position

Terms for Location or Position and Direction Anterior or ventral Front or in front of Posterior or dorsal Back or in back of Cephalic/Crainal and caudal Toward the “head end” or “tail end” Superior and inferior Above or below another

Terms for Location or Position and Direction Medial and lateral Toward or away from the midline Proximal and distal Toward or away from the point of attachment or origin Superficial/external and internal On or near the surface or deep inside

If you are standing straight with your hands at your sides, where are your arms located in relation to your body? Superior Caudal Lateral Ventral

George has a cramp in the posterior part of his leg. Where is the cramp? Ankle Knee Shin Calf

An autopsy photo shows the dorsal/posterior side of the victim An autopsy photo shows the dorsal/posterior side of the victim. What could you see in the photograph? Back of the head Kidneys Knees Front of the abdomen

Of the following, what structures are the MOST medial? Ears Hips Eyes Lips

Create a foldable… Anatomic Terminology  Anterior or Ventral Posterior or Dorsal Cranial vs Caudal Superior vs Inferior Medial vs Lateral Proximal vs Distal Superficial/External vs Deep/Internal

Body Planes and Sections Sagittal plane Right and left parts Midsagittal plane Equal right and left parts Coronal (frontal) plane Vertical at right angles to the sagittal plane Transverse or cross section Horizontal; divides body into upper and lower parts

Terms for Location or Position and Direction © 2014 Cengage Learning.

Terms for Location or Position and Direction © 2014 Cengage Learning.

Body Planes and Sections © 2014 Cengage Learning.

If the body were cut in a transverse plane, what organ would NOT be in the same half as the other three? Brain Bladder Lungs Heart

If you divided the body with a midsagittal plane and added up the number of eyes, arms and toes on one side, how many would you have? 5 7 9 12

Media Link TIME!!!!!! Body Planes

Body Cavities © 2014 Cengage Learning.

Body Cavities Dorsal cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity Brain and spinal cord Cranial cavity Spinal cavity Thoracic cavity Chest area Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity

Smaller Cavities Orbital cavity Nasal cavity Buccal cavity Eyes, eyeball muscles, optic nerves, and lacrimal (tear) ducts Nasal cavity Parts that form the nose Buccal cavity Teeth and tongue

What cavity would a surgeon enter to repair a heart defect? Dorsal Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic

QUIZ time 

Review of Body Cavities

9 Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions Epigastric region (upper) Just below sternum Right and left hypochondriac Just below ribs Umbilical (middle) Located around the navel

9 Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions Right and left lumbar Extend from anterior to posterior Hypogastric (lower) Pubic area Right and left iliac Also called right and left inguinal areas

Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions © 2014 Cengage Learning.

4 Abdominal Quadrants

Did you know?????? If you are having RLQ pain or Right inguinal area pain, this area is PAINFUL when a person has appendicitis.

FOLDABLE TIME!!!!!

GROUP WORK Life-size Anatomical Position Poster Draw an outline of somebody in your group's body… 1. In other words, pick somebody from your group & trace the outline of their body 2. Next, Draw & Label the terms we just discussed for location or positon & direction  3. Everybody must participate to get a grade Draw & label the following: A. body planes & sections B. body cavities C. the nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity D. the four divisions of the abdominal quadrants E. Directional terms

Life Functions Living organisms may be one-celled organisms or multi-celled organisms. They include humans, plants, animals, etc. All living organisms are capable of carrying on life functions. These functions allow living organisms to live, grow, and maintain themselves.

Life Functions Movement Ingestion Digestion Muscle system Digestive system Digestion

Life Functions Transport Respiration Synthesis Circulatory system Respiratory system Synthesis Digestive system

Life Functions Assimilation Growth Secretion Digestive system Skeletal system Secretion Endocrine system

Life Functions Excretion Regulation (sensitivity) Reproduction Urinary system Regulation (sensitivity) Nervous system Reproduction Reproductive system

Human Development Cells Tissues Organs Organ system

Body Processes Metabolism Functional activities of the cell that result in growth, repair, energy release, use of food, and secretions Anabolism Building up Catabolism Breaking down

Homeostasis Ability of the body to regulate its internal environment within narrow limits Essential to survival Works on a negative feedback system

Metric System Measurements for length, weight, and volume A decimal system Based on the power of ten Uses prefixes such as centi-, milli-, and micro- Lengths measured in meters Weights measured in grams Volumes measured in liters

Metric System 5mL=1 teaspoon 15mL=1 tablespoon 30mL=1 ounce