Atoms & The Periodic Table 2015-2016

Just gotta… ASAP Science Presents…The Periodic Table Song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUDDi WtFtEM One more https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGM- wSKFBpo I lied! Last one – just cuz I LOVE me some HP! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1TfPDl A1xE

EQ: What 2 particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? (TOP RIGHT) Title your page: ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Atomic Structure Element – matter that is composed of one type of ATOM Elements are abbreviated in scientific shorthand – either a letter or a pair of letters called a chemical symbol. Example: Aluminum = Al Copper = Cu

Atomic Structure Atom – smallest piece of matter that still has the properties of the element; made of 3 types of particles: Protons – positive (+) Neutrons – neutral Electrons – negative (-) DRAW THIS

Atomic Structure DRAW THIS Nucleus – located in the center of an atom and consists of protons and neutrons; electrons surround the nucleus Electron Cloud (shells) – (current) model which shows electrons traveling in specific energy levels (shells) around a nucleus Electrons closest to nucleus have LOW energy Electrons farther away have HIGH energy DRAW THIS

Energy Level (Shell) in Atom Atomic Structure Copy the Table **Last energy level (shell) can ONLY hold a MAX of 8 electrons – H and He are exceptions** Energy Level (Shell) in Atom Max # of Electrons 1 2 8 3 18 4 32

Answer the EQ: What 2 particles are found in the nucleus of an atom Answer the EQ: What 2 particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? (TOP LEFT) Videos to Review: http://usatestprep.com/movies/29/188/120 - Atomic Structure http://usatestprep.com/movies/29/188/1293 - Motion of Atoms http://usatestprep.com/movies/29/188/453 - Structure of Atoms http://usatestprep.com/movies/29/188/1006 - Electron Configuration 1 http://usatestprep.com/movies/29/188/1070 - Electron Configuration 2

Title your page: MASSES OF ATOMS EQ: What is the difference between atomic number & atomic mass? (TOP RIGHT) Title your page: MASSES OF ATOMS

MASSES OF ATOMS Smaller particles of matter called quarks exist, but scientists still consider atoms the basic building blocks of matter. Quark – smaller particles that make up protons and neutrons – 6 quarks are known to exist

MASSES OF ATOMS Atomic Mass – composed mostly of protons and neutrons in the nucleus – also called MASS NUMBER Atomic Number – the number of PROTONS in an atom; number of PROTONS also identifies the element In neutral atoms – PROTONS ALWAYS EQUAL ELECTRONS!!!! To find the number of NEUTRONS of an atom: # of neutrons = mass number (atomic mass) – atomic number (in other words – take the difference between the 2 numbers in the element box!)

MASSES OF ATOMS Isotopes – atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons Examples: Boron-10 (B10) Boron – 11 (B11) More on writing ISOTOPES later Average Atomic Mass – weighted average mass of an elements isotopes Measured in amu’s – Atomic Mass Units This is why the atomic mass is listed as a DECIMAL on the Periodic Table!

Electron Configuration MASSES OF ATOMS DRAW THIS  2-4 Electron Configuration

Answer the EQ: What is the difference between atomic number & atomic mass? (TOP LEFT) Videos to Review: http://usatestprep.com/mo vies/29/188/1013 - Average Atomic Mass http://usatestprep.com/mo vies/29/188/1291 - Isotopes

EQ: What do elements in the same group have in common? (TOP RIGHT) Title your page: THE PERIODIC TABLE

THE PERIODIC TABLE Periodic Table – table where elements are organized by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER (number of protons) In the late 1800’s, Dimitri Mendeleev devised the first periodic table based on ATOMIC MASS – however, some elements were out of order. In 1913, Henry Moseley arranged elements by ATOMIC NUMBER and is what we use today.

THE PERIODIC TABLE The Periodic Table is arranged by GROUPS and PERIODS. GROUPS – VERTICAL columns of elements with similar properties – groups are numbered 1-18. Elements in the same GROUP have the same number of ELECTRONS in their outer energy level – these are called VALENCE ELECTRONS and they determine how an element bonds. More on this in the NEXT unit PERIODS – HORIZONTAL rows of elements that contain increasing numbers of protons and electrons. Periods are numbered 1-7. Each period-row ends when the outer energy level is filled (magic number is 8!). As you move from LEFT to RIGHT across the periods/rows – elements become LESS metallic.

THE PERIODIC TABLE ELECTRON DOT DIAGRAMS (LEWIS DOT STRUCTURES) – use the element symbol and dots to represent outer energy level electrons. For Example: Nitrogen has 5 VE – it’s in GROUP 15 Oxygen has 6 VE – it’s in GROUP 16 Fluorine has 7 VE – it’s in GROUP 17

Answer to EQ: What do elements in the same group have in common Answer to EQ: What do elements in the same group have in common? (TOP LEFT) Videos to Review: http://usatestprep.com/movies/29/ 188/1005 - Periodic Table http://usatestprep.com/movies/29/ 188/1358 - Lewis Structures http://usatestprep.com/movies/29/ 188/1075 - Periodic Table Periods http://usatestprep.com/movies/29/ 188/1007 - Periodic Table Trends

Title your page: METALS, NONMETALS, & METALLOIDS EQ: Which of the following would be the best conductor – iodine, silver, silicon, or sulfur? (TOP RIGHT) Title your page: METALS, NONMETALS, & METALLOIDS

METALS, NONMETALS, & METALLOIDS METALS – good conductors of heat and electricity – all but MERCURY are solid at room temperature. METALS are located to the LEFT of the zig-zag (staircase) ALKALI METALS – (Group 1) are the MOST reactive of all metals; don’t occur in nature in their element form (always found in a compound) ALKALINE EARTH METALS – (Group 2) shiny, ductile, and malleable; combine with other elements TRANSITION METALS – (Groups 3-12) most familiar metals because they often occur in nature uncombined LANTHANIDE SERIES – elements #58-71 (not special – at bottom due to spacing!) ACTINIDE SERIES – elements #90-103 (not special – at bottom due to spacing!)

METALS, NONMETALS, & METALLOIDS NONMETALS – elements that are usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature; most can form ionic and covalent compounds (more on that in the NEXT unit) – located to the RIGHT of the zig-zag (staircase) Halogens – (Group 17)MOST reactive non-metals! These elements combine with Group1 to form salts! NOBLE GASES – (Group 18) – exist as isolated atoms. They are all STABLE because outer energy level is FULL (magic # is 8 – except for He - which is 2!) HYDROGEN– ONLY nonmetal located to the LEFT of the zig-zag (staircase). Located at the TOP of Group 1 because of reactivity AND it has ONE Valence Electron!

METALS, NONMETALS, & METALLOIDS METALLOIDS – are part of the mixed groups (Groups 13-17) – therefore they can be metals, nonmetals, & metalloids. Actually TOUCH the zig zag (staircase) Have qualities of metals & nonmetals Also know as SEMI-CONDUCTORS Used WIDELY in modern technology

ANSWER THE EQ: Which of the following would be the best conductor – iodine, silver, silicon, or sulfur? (TOP LEFT) Videos to Review: http://usatestprep.com /movies/29/188/1074 - Periodic Table Families http://usatestprep.com /movies/29/188/275 - Metals & Nonmetals