Unit A 2.02 Principles of Infection 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Types of Infections 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Types of Infections Infection invasion of the body by microorganisms or pathogens invading microorganisms: use the host’s resources to multiply interfere with normal function 3rd leading cause of death in the U. S. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Types of Infections VERY IMPORTANT Any sign of infection must be reported to the nurse or doctor! 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Types of Infections Local infection only a specific portion of the body is infected pain redness heat at the site swelling pus foul smelling drainage 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Types of Infections Systemic infection affects the entire body fever aches chills nausea vomiting weakness 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Types of Infections Endogenous (endo- inside; genous- type or kind) type or kind of infection or disease that originates from within the body Exogenous (exo- outside; genous- type or kind) type or kind of infection or disease that originates outside the body 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Types of Infections Nosocomial infections Hospital acquired infection Transmitted by the health care worker Opportunistic infections Infections that occur when the body’s defenses are weakened 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Types of Infections VERY IMPORTANT Any sign of infection must be reported to the nurse or doctor! 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Non-pathogenic normal do not produce disease beneficial Pathogenic cause infection and disease May be non-pathogenic in one body system, pathogenic in another (E. coli) 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Aerobic requires oxygen to live Anaerobic does not require oxygen to live 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Protozoa Fungi Rickettsiae Viruses Helminths 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Often considered the causes of disease Certain bacteria produce antibiotics live in the body without problems live on the roots of certain plants, converting nitrogen into a usable form help break down dead organic matter Classified by shape and arrangement Treated with antibiotics 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Cocci- round in shape Streptococcal pharyngitis Staphylococcal meningitis 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Bacilli rod shape Escherichia coli (E. coli) 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Spirilla spiral or corkscrew shape Cholera Spirochete Lyme disease 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Some bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics Very difficult to cure Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus (MDSA) 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Protozoa One celled, animal-like organism Contain a nucleus and other defined organelles Malaria African sleeping sickness Protozoa 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Fungi organisms that usually enjoy a symbiotic, but sometimes parasitic relationship with their host provide numerous drugs and foods provide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer cause a number of plant and animal diseases fungal diseases are very difficult to treat 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Fungi- Red, itchy rash Thrush Athlete’s foot Yeast infections Jock itch Ringworm 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Rickettsiae rod-shaped, parasitic bacteria live in the tissues of ticks, fleas, and lice transmitted to humans through bites Rocky Mountain spotted fever Typhus 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Hepatitis virus Viruses small, infectious agent requires a host for survival over 5,000 types can combine in multiple ways to produce a wide range of diseases produce immune response in humans treated with antiviral drugs Influenza 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Helminths Parasitic worm-like organisms Live inside the host Feed off their host Disrupt nutrient absorption Lead to weakness Excrete toxins making host susceptible to other diseases Approximately 30 billion people globally are infected Pinworm Tapeworm 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Protozoa Fungi Rickettsiae Viruses Helminths 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Transmitting Infection

Transmitting Infection Direct contact Indirect contact Airborne Vector-borne 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Transmitting Infection Direct contact Person to person (Physical or sexual) Animal to person Mother to unborn child 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Transmitting Infection Indirect contact Pathogens are passed along on inanimate objects in the environment Fomites 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Transmitting Infection Airborne Pathogens are carried through the air Cling to surroundings and are spread 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Transmitting Infection Vector-borne Insects carry pathogen from host to host Rodents, small animals Flea Mosquito Tick 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Transmitting Infection How you get an infection… Causative agent Reservoir Portal of exit Mode of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host…breaking the chain! 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Causative agent Source or reservoir Susceptible host Portal of entry Portal of exit Mode of transmission 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Causative agent pathogen 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Reservoir area where the pathogen can live 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Portal of exit way for the pathogen to escape from the reservoir 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Mode of transmission way for pathogen to be transmitted 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Portal of entry way to enter new reservoir 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Susceptible host able to be affected person likely to get sick 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2.02 Understand infection control procedures Chain of Infection Causative agent Source or reservoir Susceptible host Portal of entry Portal of exit Mode of transmission 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

Break the Chain of Infection 2.02 Understand infection control procedures