Part I: Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, protists and Plants Diversity of Life Part I: Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, protists and Plants

Classifying Organisms Taxonomy: The scientific study of how an organism is classified. Levels of classification The more levels of classification shared, the more characteristics they have in common! Species with similar EVOLUTIONARY histories are grouped together

3 domains of life

Viruses Tiny, non-living particle that enters a host cell and reproduces its genetic information They can only multiply when they are inside a living cell! Structure 1. protein coat for protection 2. Genetic material (DNA or RNA) They can either be ‘active’ or ‘hidden’ Harmful and helpful (disease and technology)

Bacteria Prokaryotic (no nucleus or membrane bound organelles) Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Need to go through cellular respiration for ATP Reproduce by binary fission Important organism to put oxygen on this Earth! Also used to make lots of food and medicine…(yogurt, insulin)

Protists Eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants or fungi! Very DIVERSE grouping Unicellular/multicellular, mobility, heterotrophs/autotrophs Animal like proists: protozoans Plantlike protists: algae Funguslike protists: Molds and mildews

Fungi Eukaryotes with cell walls] Heterotrophs by ABSORBING their food (release digestive enzymes and absorb it through the hyphae) Use spores to reproduce (tiny cell that’s able to grow into a new organism) Reproductive structure where spores are released: Fruiting body Hyphae make up the bodies of fungi (substances can move through) +/-Diseases and decomposers!

Plants Autotrophs that go through photosynthesis (Have chloroplasts ) Vacuole to store water (shrinks and expands) Life started in water but plants adapted to living on land! Cuticle: waterproof layer to retain water A way to transport material Support Reproduction

Nonvascular plants Lack a well developed system of tubes for transporting water and other materials Low growing (not more than a few cm. high) Live in damp, shady places

Vascular plants Better adapted to life in dry areas. Vascular tissue to transport water and materials Seedless: Reproduce with spores Gymnosperms: Reproduce with seeds (no flowers or fruit!) Angiosperms: Flower and reproduce with seeds that are surrounded by fruit