The Industrial revolution 1700-1900

Previewing main ideas Science and Technology: From the Spinning Jenny to the locomotive train, there was an explosion of inventions and technological advances. These improvements paved the way for the Industrial Revolution. Empire Building: The global power balance shifted after the Industrial Revolution. This shift occurred because industrialized nations dominated the rest of the world. Economics: The Industrial Revolution Transformed economic systems. In part, this was because nations dramatically changed the way they produced and distributed goods.

The beginnings of industrialization The Industrial Revolution started in England and soon spread to other countries. Why it matters now: The changes that began in Britain paved the way for modern industrial societies.

Setting the stage In the United States, France, and Latin America, political revolutions brought in new governments. A different type of revolution transformed the way people worked. The Industrial Revolution refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700’s. Soon the Industrial Revolution spread from England to Continental Europe and North America.

Industrial revolution begins in britain Small farms covered much of England’s landscape. By the 1700’s wealthy landowners began buying up the land and changing farming methods. The Agricultural Revolution Jethro Tull and the Seed Drill (1701) Rotating Crops

Why the industrial revolution began in England? Large population of workers! Small island country that had extensive natural resources: Water power and coal to fuel the new machines Iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings Rivers for inland transportation Harbors from which merchant ships set sail Expanding Economy Business people invested in new inventions Highly developed banking system Factors of Production

Inventions Spur Industrialization Changes in the Textile Industry John Kay invented The Flying Shuttle which doubled the work a weaver could do in a day. James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny. Richard Arkwright invented the Water Frame in 1769. Wealthy Textile merchants set up the machines in large factories which were originally built by rivers and streams. Improvements in Transportation The Steam Engine: James Watt 1765 Robert Fulton: The Steamboat John McAdam: The Macadam Roads The Railway Age Begins: 1820’s Richard Trevithick: Steam-Driven Locomotives George Stephenson: The first railroad line Railroads revolutionize life in Britain: Industrial growth, job creation, fishing and agriculture industry boomed, and travel all greatly improved with railroads.

Industrialization changes Life The factory system changed the way people lived and worked, introducing a variety of problems. Industrial Cities Rise: URBANIZATION – City building and the movement of people to cities. Living Conditions quickly became very dangerous Working Conditions also went unregulated and thus many people were overworked and unsafe on the job.

Class tensions grow The Middle Class: The Industrial Revolution created massive amounts of wealth in the nation. These people were a part of the growing middle class. The Working Class: Those who were doing all of the work saw little improvement. Often times clashes between the two groups would break out. Riots Increase in Crime Destruction of property

Positive Effects of the industrial revolution Short Term Effects Long Term Effects Created Jobs for workers The Nation of England grew wealthy Technological progress and inventions Provided hope of improvement in people’s lives. Healthier diets Better Housing Cheaper, mass-produced clothing. Most people today in industrialized countries can afford consumer goods that were considered luxuries 50-60 years ago. Living and working conditions are much improved. Tax revenues from profits allow governments to invest in urban improvements and raise the standards of living.

Negative Effects of Industrial Revolution Poor Living Conditions Poor Working Conditions Filthy Sewer Systems Pollution Poisoned water supply Overcrowding Violence Alcoholism Crime Some as young as 6 years old were working six days a week (12-14 hour shifts). Beatings for falling asleep Sickness and disease was a major problem in factories. No rights for workers.

Industrialism Spreads Empire Building: The Industrialization that began in Great Britain spread to other parts of the world. Why it matters now: The Industrial Revolution set the stage for the growth of modern cities and a global economy.

Industrial development in the world The United States, Belgium, Germany, and eventually the rest of Europe eventually industrialize. This leads to a rise in global inequality. Soon these countries look to seize colonies throughout the world to exploit resources and markets. This leads to imperialism and colonization throughout the world.

Reforming the industrial world The Industrial Revolution led to economic, social, and political reforms. Why it matters now: Many modern social welfare programs developed during this period of reform. In Industrialized countries in the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution opened a wide gap between the rich and the poor. Business leaders believed their governments needs to stay out of business and economic affairs. (Laissez Faire) Reformers felt that governments needed to play an active role to improve conditions for the poor. Workers also demanded more rights and protection. The formed labor unions to increase their influence.

The Philosophers of Industrialization Adam Smith: (The Wealth of Nations) The Law of Self-Interest The Law of Competition The Law of Supply and Demand Capitalism: An economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit. Support Laissez-Faire Economics Karl Marx: (The Communist Manifesto) Capitalism creates unequal distribution of wealth and material goods. Capitalist employers take advantage of workers. Progress results when a community of producers cooperate for the good of all. Socialism: An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all. Supports government intervention/control of the economy.

Labor Unions and Reform Laws Unions – Workers who join together in voluntary labor associations. Strike – Refusal to work. Reform Laws – Laws that try to address the abuses caused by industrialization. Work Day Minimum Wage/Age laws Abolition of Slavery Fight for Women’s Rights