Parachute mitral valve: Morphologic descriptors, associated lesions, and outcomes after biventricular repair Bradley S. Marino, MD, MPP, MSCE, FACC, Lydia E. Kruge, BA, Catherine J. Cho, MD, Ryan S. Tomlinson, BSE, David Shera, ScD, Paul M. Weinberg, MD, FACC, J. William Gaynor, MD, Jack Rychik, MD, FACC The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 137, Issue 2, Pages 385-393.e4 (February 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.09.016 Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions
Figure 1 Mitral valve anatomy. Schematic drawings of true parachute mitral valve, with all chordae attached to a single papillary muscle (A); parachutelike asymmetric mitral valve, with chordae attached to two papillary muscles, one being elongated and displaced toward mitral valve annulus (B); and normal mitral valve, with chordae distributed equally between two distinct papillary muscles (C). Reproduced with permission from: Oosthoek PW, Wenink AC, Macedo AJ, Gittenberger-de Groot AC. The parachute-like asymmetric mitral valve and its two papillary muscles. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;114:9-15. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 137, 385-393.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.09.016) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions
Figure 2 Mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation at initial and most recent echocardiograms in patients with biventricular circulation. Percentages of patients in biventricular cohort with mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation at initial and most recent echocardiogram. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 137, 385-393.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.09.016) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions
Figure 3 Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Freedoms from mortality for entire biventricular cohort (A), and stratified for parachute mitral valve type (B) and presence of conotruncal anomaly (C). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 137, 385-393.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.09.016) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions
Progression of mitral stenosis in patients with biventricular circulation. Mitral stenosis status at initial and most recent echocardiogram (Echo). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 137, 385-393.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.09.016) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions
Progression of mitral regurgitation in patients with biventricular circulation. Mitral regurgitation status at initial and most recent echocardiogram (Echo). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2009 137, 385-393.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.09.016) Copyright © 2009 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions