M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1. Cell Chemistry M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds M.1.2. Building Blocks of Cells M.1.2.1. Sugars M.1.2.2. Fatty Acids M.1.2.3. Amino Acids M.1.2.4. Nucleotides M.1.2.5. The Big Picture M.2. Biosynthesis -------------------------------------------------------------------

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Atom Atomic weight of 1 = 1 x 10-23 g Atomic wt ~ 0

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Moles and Molar Solution Q: How heavy is 1 more of carbon?

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Relative Abundance of Elements

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Electronic Shell valency stable CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Covalent and Ionic Bonds ‘strong’ weak CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Sodium Chloride CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: The Geometry of Covalent Bonds CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Different Single vs Double Bond CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: The Van der Waals Force CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: 3 representations CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Acids and Bases CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Effect of Dipoles CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Hydrogen Bonds CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M.1.1. Atoms and Bonds: Complementary Surface CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M1.2.4. Nucleotides:: Building Blocks CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell M1.2.1. Sugars: Sugar Sugar – monosaccharides, (CH2O)n where n = 3,4,5, 6 or 8 usually Glucose: C6H12O6 Different Isoforms exist CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M1.2.1. Sugars: Condensation and Hydrolysis CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M1.2.1. Sugars: Dissacharides Glycoprotein, glycolipids oligosaccharides Polygosaccharides (thousands of monsaccharides) Usually used to store enegry: Glycogen in animal and Starch in Plants CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell Carbohydrates CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell Cellulose vs. Amylose CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell Cellulose vs. Amylose CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell Chitin CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M1.2.2. Fatty Acids: Fatty Acid Unsaturated fat: Double bond happens somewhere along the chain. Saturated fat: No double double bond, tend to pack together into a solid mass. Common in animal fat. Fat – use as energy storage Lipids – Fatty acids and their derivatives. Insoluble in water but soluble in Fat or organic solvent CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M1.2.2. Fatty Acids: Cell Wall CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell Lipid intro CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

Triglyceride structure CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

Triglyceride formation CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

Saturated vs. Unsaturated fatty acids CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell Sat vs. Unsat lipids CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Ionized Form and Non-ionized Form CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell Amino acid structure CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell Amino acids CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

Peptide bond formation CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell Protein structure CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Amino Acid Chain ‘20’ different amino acids CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M1.2.3. Amino Acids: Charge at the Amino Acid Side Chain CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M1.2.4. Nucleotides: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M1.2.4. Nucleotides: ATP, the Energy Carrier CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M1.2.4. Nucleotides: DNA chain CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M1.2.5. The Big Picture: Macromolecules CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M1.2.5. The Big Picture : Relative Abundance CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

M1.2.5. The Big Picture : RNA and Protein Folding Non-covalent bonds CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell

CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell M1.2.5. The Big Picture : From Small Building Blocks to Large Assemblies CS 6463: (M) Chemical Components of a Cell