The Spread of Greek Culture The Macedonians and Alexander the Great http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture Macedonia Region in North-Central mainland Greece According to legend founded by people from Argos Macedonians consider themselves Greek, other Greeks do not. Viewed as barbarians Generally poor and divided http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture Philip II Studied in Southern Greece Diplomacy and Military Appointed regent after older brothers die Takes throne from nephew Unites Macedonia Uses diplomacy and military might to make Macedonia powerful http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture Macedonian Military under Philip II Macedonian Phalanx Slightly different than traditional Spartan Used Sarissa (longer spear 13-21 ft. long) Flip-flopping alliances http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture Macedonian Military under Philip II (Don’t write this) “He is always taking in more, everywhere casting his net ‘round us, while we sit idle and do nothing. When, Athenians, will you take the necessary action? What are you waiting for?” -Demosthenes http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture Macedonian Military under Philip II End of Philip II 338 B.C. Athens and Thebes join to stop them Unsuccessful After conquers Greece plans to invade Persia 336 B.C. Assassinated Killed by bodyguard at theater http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture The rise of Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedonia (356-323 B.C.) Inherited throne at age 20 after father (Philip) killed Legends about his birth and childhood At 13 began to be tutored by Aristotle Philip rebuilt town as payment http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture The rise of Alexander the Great At 16 tutoring ended While Philip was away at war, left Alex as regent and heir apparent Revolt in southern kingdom, Alex drives them out Establishes Alexandropolis http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture Ruler of Macedonia and beyond First thing after Philip dies – consolidates power Has potential rivals killed Subjugated city-states rebel (including Thebes and Athens) Alex leads cavalry South Very little real fighting http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture Ruler of Macedonia and beyond Secures northern and southern boarders 1 yr. back and forth Invades Persian Empire Huge force (48K soldiers, 6K cavalry, 120 ships with 38K sailors) Battle of Granicus 1st major battle Victorious, learns a lot http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture Ruler of Macedonia and beyond Invades Persian Empire (continued) The Battle of Issus Alex outnumbered ~2/1 Persians defeated, King Darius III flees Generous to those he conquered The Siege of Tyre Alex given land extending to Euphrates River, money, and a wife http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture The India Campaign Moves into Egypt – Mesopotamia – India Uses both “diplomacy” and military to conquer Most joined out of fear 327 Alexander wounded in the shoulder and ankle Very bloody campaign http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture The India Campaign Battle of the Hydaspes 326 B.C., Vs. King Porus 12K dead, 9K POWs Alexander impressed with Porus, makes him the satrap (ruler) of the region Mutiny and Return Hyphasis River, men are tired and worried about large armies further East http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture The end of Alexander On the way home set satraps straight (executions) Took care of his soldiers June 323 B.C. died In Babylonian palace Many theories about his death assassination via poison, water poisoning, malaria, typhoid fever http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture After Alexander No heir Fighting and quarreling for ~ 50 years Empire divided into three kingdoms Greece and Macedonia, Egypt, and Persia Ruled by former commanders http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture The Hellenistic Age 323 – 146 B.C. From the death of Alexander to Greece being conquered by the Romans Hellenistic – describes Greek history and culture after Alexander’s death Hellas- what the Greeks called their land http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture The Hellenistic Age New cities built through out new kingdoms Greek soldiers stay and settle, traders and artisans follow. Alexander’s vision of integrated cultures realized Cultural Diffusion http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture The Hellenistic Age Alexandria, Egypt Founded by Alexander in 332 B.C. Center for business and trade Lighthouse at Alexandria Center for learning, largest library in the ancient world http://www.123rf.com

The Spread of Greek Culture The Hellenistic Age Math and Science Euclid (Yoo-klid) develops geometry Eratosthenes calculates the circumference of the Earth. Only off by ~300k miles Round Earth Archimedes develops pulleys and levers http://www.123rf.com