The Factors that Affect Climate ©Mark Place, 2009-2010 www.LearnEarthScience.com

Identify five factors that affect climate and explain how each affects climate.

Latitude

As latitude ________, the average annual temperature _________. How does latitude affect climate? As latitude ________, the average annual temperature _________. increases decreases 0° Latitude 90° Temperature

Closeness to Large Bodies of Water

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

Water __________ the temperature. _______ summers. _______ winters. How does closeness to a large body of water affect climate? Water __________ the temperature. _______ summers. _______ winters. moderates Cooler Warmer Cities A & B are located at the same latitude. City B is closer to a large body of water. Its temperature line is flatter (moderated).

Orographic Effect

Orographic Effect

The leeward sides of the Adirondacks & Catskills receive much less precipitation The windward sides of the Adirondacks & Catskills receive a great deal more precipitation

Windward Side: ___________ Leeward Side: _____________ How does the Orographic Effect affect climate? Windward Side: ___________ Leeward Side: _____________ cool, moist warm, dry

Elevation

We live in the troposphere. Temperature decreases Elevation Page 14 of the ESRTs We live in the troposphere. Temperature decreases with elevation.

During summer, temperature is strongly controlled by elevation -- cold at the higher reaches of the Alaska and Brooks Ranges, and warmer in the lowlands.

As elevation _________, the average annual temperature __________. How does elevation affect climate? As elevation _________, the average annual temperature __________. increases decreases Elevation Temperature

Ocean Currents ESRT Page 4

Describe the ocean current off of the coast of California.

Describe the ocean current off of the east coast of South America.

Warm Currents: warmer climate Cold Currents: cooler climate How do ocean currents affect climate? Warm Currents: warmer climate Cold Currents: cooler climate

Climate Abundant Orographic Effect Evapotranspiration Complete Vocab Maps Climate Abundant Orographic Effect Evapotranspiration

climate notes Sun's Energy & Climate Change ©Mark Place, 2009-2010 www.LearnEarthScience.com

According to the graph below, what wavelength of energy does the Earth Sun's Energy & Climate According to the graph below, what wavelength of energy does the Earth receive in the greatest intensity? visible light

which absorbs ultraviolet (UV) Sun's Energy & Climate Name the primary gas which absorbs ultraviolet (UV) from the sun. ozone

Why is the ozone layer important? Sun's Energy & Climate Why is the ozone layer important? It protects the Earth from UV which damages crops and causes cancer in humans.

Name the three primary gases Sun's Energy & Climate Name the three primary gases which absorb infrared (IR) energy CH4 H2O (g) Carbon dioxide methane water vapor

Why is it warmer on a cloudy night than on a clear night? Sun's Energy & Climate Why is it warmer on a cloudy night than on a clear night? Clouds (H2O vapor) absorb IR energy radiated by the Earth. On a clear night, the IR energy escapes back into space.

Explain the greenhouse effect. Include a diagram which shows the change in wavelength. Apply It

Don’t leave me in the car on a warm, sunny day.

Ozone Greenhouse Effect Complete Vocab Maps Ozone Greenhouse Effect

Climate Change

Ice Ages

what triggers an ice age Ice Ages Ice Ages are cyclic. The last one occurred ~12,000 years ago The exact cause of what triggers an ice age is not known

El Niño A warming of the Pacific Ocean. Winters: West = Stormy South = Cold, wet Northeast = warmer

La Nina Normal El Nino

A cooling of the Pacific Ocean. La Niña A cooling of the Pacific Ocean. Dry in southeast. Cool, wet in northwest.

Titanic

The Gulf Stream

Average global temperatures are increasing (level lately). Global Warming Average global temperatures are increasing (level lately). Glaciers are melting in the north. Ocean levels are rising. Warming is natural. Humans could be speeding up the process through increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2)

This is how the global warming people read the data.

This is how the non-global warming people read the data. There is also some data that suggest that CO2 levels rise because it is released by the bubbles trapped in the melting ice.

Mountain Glaciers

Report: Antarctic Ice Growing, Not Shrinking NEWSCORP AUSTRALIAN PAPERS Published April 18, 2009 A composite map of Antarctica SHOWING AREAS OF GREATEST WARMING IN RED. THE WILKINS ICE SHELF LIES OFF THE PENINSULA IN THE TOP LEFT CORNER. FOX News

Deforestation Depleted Complete Vocab Maps Deforestation Depleted