Segregation and Discrimination Chapter 8 Section 3 What is segregation? the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart. the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart.

FOCUS QUESTION How were the civil and political rights of certain groups in America undermined during the years after Reconstruction?

African Americans Lose Freedoms Jim Crow laws – created after Reconstruction – kept segregation, limited African American rights South used many methods to keep African Americans from voting: Poll taxes Literacy tests Grandfather clauses Jim Crow laws pushed for segregation in all areas of life – buildings, railroads, schools, cemeteries, etc. Plessy v. Ferguson – “Separate but Equal”



So, who is Jim Crow? Before the iPod, before television, movies and radio, people went to the theater for entertainment. Daddy Rice, a white actor, would cover his face with charcoal and then sing and dance in a silly way. This character’s name was Jim Crow. Just like we compare people to characters on TV, people began to use Jim Crow as a way to describe black people. (It wasn’t a compliment.) For example, there were ‘Jim Crow’ cars on trains where all blacks were forced to sit, even if they bought a first-class ticket! As time went on, the term was also used to describe any racist law that restricted the rights and opportunities of black people.

"White and colored persons shall not be taught in the same school, but in separate schools under the same general regulations as to management, usefulness and efficiency." Tennessee 1873

Ex. Jim Crow Laws Barbers: No colored barber shall serve as a barber [to] white women or girls. No person or corporation shall require any white female nurse to nurse in wards or rooms in hospitals, either public or private, in which Negro men are placed. It shall be unlawful for a white person to marry anyone except a white person. Any marriage in violation of this section shall be void.

African Americans Oppose Injustices Many refused to accept Jim Crow South Groups established to resist Booker T. Washington – believed that blacks needed to adapt to the segregated world, not overturn Jim Crow W.E.B. Du Bois – Fought against accommodation – said Jim Crow laws should be opposed and overturned Ida B. Wells – Attacked the practice of lynching

Washington Du Bois

I created the NAACP to fight discriminatory laws I founded Tuskegee Institute to train blacks in agriculture and education. African Americans are not treated equally. Now is the accepted time, not tomorrow. It is at the bottom of life that we must begin, not at the top. I worked to advance African Americans’ rights. Protesting is necessary to fight for constitutional rights. We can earn constitutional rights through economic security and respectability

Chinese Immigrants Face Discrimination Chinese immigrants faced similar situation as blacks, but on the West Coast Segregated, limited in the jobs they could have, often attacked – Chinese Exclusion Act Chinese opposed such laws, tried to go to court for their rights Wo. v. Hopkins – Court ruled that Chinese citizenship could not be denied or stripped, but upheld the Chinese Exclusion Act