Mitosis/Meiosis eoc review

Cell cycle and mitosis video Cancer vs healthy cells video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =JcZQkmooyPk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =tjNxBH1qsRM&list=PL1gul70LLx9wp QPbtph2uCjnW4UkwM4UD&index=2 0 Meiosis video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =rqPMp0U0HOA Review activities/animations: http://teacherweb.com/TX/roberteleehighschool/Biology/apt16.aspx

Reproduction Reproduction is a fundamental characteristic of life Propagates your species 2 forms: asexual and sexual Asexual Strategies 1) binary fission 2) budding 3) fragmentation/fission Sexual strategies 1) Internal fertilization- Copulation (vagina/penis) –sperm meets egg in female 2) External fertilization Haploid – having one set of chromosomes (n) – gametes – sperm/egg Diploid – having two sets of chromosomes (2n) – body cells – one set is maternal and one is paternal Reproduction

Mitosis vs. meiosis Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction 2 parents No gametes Clones faster, more efficient, less energy Stable environment 2 identical diploid daughter cells Sexual reproduction 2 parents Fusion of gametes Genetic variation Slower, less efficient Changing environment 4 different haploid daughter cells Mitosis vs. meiosis

Cell Division The cell cycle – Interphase – growth - Mitosis – division Mitosis creates diploid cells and is for the purpose of tissue repair and growth in animals DNA coils to form chromosomes during cell division Stages of the cell cycle (see diagram) Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis Meiosis – cell division that creates 4 haploid cells called gametes Meiosis involves 2 divisions – Meiosis I and Meiosis II Meiosis I has some special events: In Prophase I homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs. This recombination increases genetic variation for the species Metaphase I – Pairs line up Anaphase I – pairs are separated Meiosis II is similar to mitosis Cell Division

Vocab review game

Term: crossing over Term: metaphase Definition: Exchange of genetic information during Prophase I in Meiosis Definition: Short phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the equator

Term: chromosome Term: diploid Definition: Structure found in the nucleus that is made of DNA Definition: Cell with two of each kind of chromosome

Term: homologous Term: meiosis Definition: Two chromosomes of each pair in diploid cells that code for the same trait Definition: Cell division that produces gametes

Term: anaphase Term: egg Definition: Phase of mitosis where chromosome is split and moved to opposite ends of the cell Definition: Female gamete

Term: mitosis Term: centriole Definition: Cell division that produces somatic cells Definition: Organelle responsible for cell division in animals

Term: haploid Term: chromatid Definition: Cell with one kind of each chromosome Definition: Half of a double stranded chromosome

Term: prophase Term: sperm Definition: First and longest phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense Definition: Male gamete

Term: centromere Term: telophase Definition: Structure that holds a chromosome together Definition: Final stage in mitosis where nuclear envelope reappears and 2 new cells are formed

What am I game

Asexual reproduction Nondisjunction Clone Offspring is genetically identical to parent cause of Trisomy 21 or Down Syndrome

Sexual reproduction Sexual reproduction 2 parents Genetic recombinaton

23 46 Chromosome # in human sperm cells Chromosome number in human muscle cell

2 diploid daughter cells 2N 2 diploid daughter cells Diploid representation cells produced at the end of cell cycle

Cell cycle telophase combination of interphase + mitosis + cytokinesis Last phase of mitosis

Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction Binary fission is an example of what type of reproduction Gametes (sperm and eggs)

metaphase prophase Phase where chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell First phase of mitosis

interphase cytokinesis First phase of cell cycle Splitting of cytoplasm

1 2 # of times replication takes place in mitosis # of times replication takes place in meiosis

2 4 # of daughter cells after mitosis # of daughter cells after meiosis

1 4 # of viable eggs at end of meiosis # of sperm at end of meiosis

Practice eoc questions

Most cells are in ______; during which ____________ A. metaphase; chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell B. interphase; DNA replicates and the cell grows C. anaphase; sister chromatids pull apart D. prophase; chromosomes condense and become visible Most cells are in ______; during which ____________ B

A. Cytokinesis, Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth 2, Mitosis Put the following phases of the cell cycle in the correct order Growth 1, Growth 2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Synthesis D A. Cytokinesis, Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth 2, Mitosis B. Synthesis, Growth 1, Growth 2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis C. Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth 2 D. Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth 2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

Which of the following is true of crossing over? When they are located close together, genes can sometimes be exchanged between homologous chromosome pairs. This process is known as crossing-over. Which of the following is true of crossing over? A. Crossing over contributes to genetic diversity or variation B. Crossing over always results in a non-beneficial mutation C. Only one gene may be exchanged at a time during crossing over D. The gene for eye color can be exchanged with the gene for hair color during crossing over A

A person has recently been diagnosed with cancer which is malignant A person has recently been diagnosed with cancer which is malignant. Which cellular process causes uncontrolled growth in cancer tumors? A. Crossing over B. Mitosis C. Metastasis D. Meiosis B

Sunlight, smoking, and asbestos are known mutagens, cancer causing agents. How do mutagens function to disrupt the cell cycle? D A. Lack of enzyme production B. Over production of enzyme C. Inappropriate expression of enzyme D. All of the above

Which of the following is not a correct difference between mitosis and meiosis? A. Mitosis results in two cells; meiosis results in four. B. Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction; meiosis is involved with sexual reproduction C. Mitosis occurs only in unicellular organisms such as bacteria; meiosis occurs only in multicellular organisms such as humans. D. Mitosis makes diploid cells; meiosis makes haploid cells. C

A somatic cell of an organism has 32 chromosomes A somatic cell of an organism has 32 chromosomes. Determine how many chromosomes would be found in a gamete of this organism after a meiotic division. A. 16 B. 32 C. 4 D. 64   A

When two ________ perform fertilization, a __________is formed, and its chromosome number is ______________. A. somatic cells; zygote; haploid B. zygotes; gamete; haploid C. gametes; zygote; diploid D. somatic cells; zygote; diploid C

Clones of plants can be created through propagation or cuttings Clones of plants can be created through propagation or cuttings. What is a disadvantage of a cloned crop of plants? A. the crops grown through budding reach maturity at faster rate B. the crops will have more genetic variation that could make them less vulnerable to disease C. the crops use less acreage, less resources, force farmers to rotate crops D. the crops will have less genetic variation that could make them more susceptible to disease D

Put the cells in the diagram in the correct order. A. X-U-V-Z-V B. V-Z-W-U-X C. X-V-W-U-Z D. V-W-Z-U-X Put the cells in the diagram in the correct order. B

Independent assortment When and why does DNA replication occur? Vocabulary Mitosis Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Meiosis Crossing over Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction Haploid Diploid Gametes Somatic cells Clone Homologous Zygote Cell cycle Independent assortment Binary fission Chromosome Nondisjunction Fertilization   Essential Questions Differentiate between the number of cells that mitosis and meiosis make.   When and why does DNA replication occur?

During the development of a new embryo the temperature rises above 120 degrees C, well above tolerable limits. How is this environmental change most likely to affect cell differentiation? (positive effect, negative effect, not affected, cell diff sped up)   Which process of cell division results in progeny with half the chromosomes of the parent cells? What does meiosis most likely increase in populations?

Cell cycle game: http://www.quia.com/ba/39602.ht ml mitosis matching: http://www.quia.com/cm/25423.ht ml