Section 6 Hydrocarbons.

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Presentation transcript:

Section 6 Hydrocarbons

What are Hydrocarbons? A hydrocarbon is a molecule which contains only the elements Carbon and Hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are obtained from the Fractional Distillation of crude oil. We use them for fuels in cars (octane) and in cookers (methane).

How Do We Group All These Hydrocarbons Together?

Hydrocarbons Homologous Series Alkanes Alkenes Cycloalkanes a group of chemically similar compounds which can be represented by a general formula. Physical properties change gradually through the series Alkanes Alkenes Cycloalkanes

Cycloalkanes X Monsters X Eat Cyclopropane Pupils Cyclobutane But Cyclopentane Prefer Cyclohexane Hairy Cycloheptane Haggis Cyclooctane Or Cyclononane Nice Cyclodecane Dinners

Cycloalkanes - Cyclopropane 3D Full Structural  2D Full Formula Structural Formula Get them to make a model of methane to show that it doesn’t sit flat on the table but does in fact have a 3D shape. Also C = 4 bonds and H = 1

Cycloalkanes Each member can be represented in three different ways: Cyclopropane Full Structural Formula Shortened Structural Molecular Formula

Cycloalkanes The Cycloalkanes are a family of hydrocarbons and all share the same chemical properties: Single Carbon to carbon bonds ( - C – C - ) All end in -‘ane’ Saturated hydrocarbons All share a General Formula Instead of forming straight chain molecules they form circular or cyclical molecules. Burn to produce carbon dioxide and water

Physical Properties They increase in size The m.p/b.p increases as the size increases Uses Cyclohexane for making nylon Solvents for compounds that don’t dissolve in water

Shortened Structural Formula Full Structural Formula Cycloalkanes Cycloalkane (Carbon Atoms) Molecular Formula Shortened Structural Formula Full Structural Formula Cyclopropane (3) C3H6 CH2CH2CH2 Cyclobutane (4) Cyclopentane (5) C5H10

Shortened Structural Formula Full Structural Formula Cycloalkanes Cycloalkane (Carbon Atoms) Molecular Formula Shortened Structural Formula Full Structural Formula Cyclohexane (6) C6H12 Cycloheptane (7) Cyclooctane (8) C8H16

General Formula for cycloalkanes is CnH2n The number of Hydrogen atoms = 2 times the number of Carbon atoms General Formula for cycloalkanes is CnH2n