Puberty and Adolescence Chapter 10 Puberty and Adolescence

Puberty and Adolescence Puberty or preadolescence (11–14 years) Begins with the development of secondary sex characteristics Ends with onset of menses and production of sperm Characteristics Rapid physical growth Changes in body proportions Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics

Common Frustrations in Puberty and Adolescence Wishing for independence while needing supervision Concerned about changing appearance Seeking acceptance while confused by peers Struggling to achieve while accepting more responsibility Fluctuating between adult and childlike impulses Balancing a demanding schedule while needing increased rest and sleep

Puberty and Adolescence A transitional period beginning with sexual maturity and growth and ending with emotional maturity Major characteristics Stormy emotions Feelings of insecurity Introspection Experimentation and learning Testing values and beliefs

Physical Characteristics Puberty Height and weight Development of sex characteristics Primary Secondary

Physical Characteristics (continued) Adolescence Height and weight Muscle and bone development Development of other body systems

Vital Signs Pulse Respirations Blood pressure

Developmental Milestones Motor development Sexual development Concerns Sexually transmitted diseases Teen pregnancy Rape

Psychosocial Development Puberty Adolescence Erikson’s task: Identity Ambivalence

Psychosocial Development (continued) Emotions Dating School and work Friendships Experimentation Testing boundaries Discipline

Cognitive Development Piaget: formal operational thought Formal reasoning Scientific reasoning Problem solving Abstract thinking

Moral Development Early adolescence: Kohlberg’s conventional level Moral reasoning based on earlier learned principles of right and wrong Later adolescents begin to question everything and to try out their own code of ethics Some develop a sense of spiritual awareness

Communication Increased language and vocabulary skills Express thoughts and beliefs Use language common to group, culture, and time

Nutrition Rapid growth results in need for increased Calories Protein Minerals Vitamins Screen for high cholesterol Eating habits affected by time pressure and peers

Nutrition (continued) Concerns Food fads Dieting Anorexia nervosa Bulimia

Sleep and Rest Need for adequate sleep—8 hours Inadequate sleep and rest leads to Irritability Poor school performance Health problems

Exercise and Leisure Exercise Leisure Helps maintain good health Encourages social interactions Strengthens and builds muscles and endurance Leisure Part-time jobs are common

Safety Common accidents Motor vehicle crashes Sporting accidents Firearm injuries and deaths Homicides

Health Promotion Maintain regular medical check-ups Routine vision and hearing tests Monitor blood pressure and cholesterol

Special Concerns Depression Substance abuse

Chapter Challenge Define ambivalence Distinguish between primary and secondary sex characteristics Name the common health concerns for this stage of development