LO: What was Churchill’s attitude towards Germany after 1933? Learning Outcomes By the end of the lesson you will be able to… Describe Churchill’s views on Germany. E-D Explain Churchill’s views on Germany. C-B Assess why Churchill’s views of Germany were not supported. A-A*

What are they playing with? LO: What was Churchill’s attitude towards Germany after 1933? Describe Churchill’s views on Germany. E-D Explain Churchill’s views on Germany. C-B Assess why Churchill’s views of Germany were not supported. A-A* What can you see? What are they playing with? Why is this happening? How could this contribute to a rise in German fascism? German children play in the street, 1921

LO: What was Churchill’s attitude towards Germany after 1933? Describe Churchill’s views on Germany. E-D Explain Churchill’s views on Germany. C-B Assess why Churchill’s views of Germany were not supported. A-A* What has happened in Europe before 1933? Russian Revolution 1917 WW1 ends in November 1918 Treaty of Versailles, 1919 (war guilt, reparations, German territories and colonies, German armed forces and disarmament) Weimar Republic established, 1919. The League of Nations, 1920 Mussolini PM of Italy, 1922 The Locarno Pact, 1925 The Wall St. crash, 1929 Hitler appointed German Chancellor, Jan 1933. Enabling Act, Hitler gains power for 4 year, virtually a dictator, March 1933.

LO: What was Churchill’s attitude towards Germany after 1933? Describe Churchill’s views on Germany. E-D Explain Churchill’s views on Germany. C-B Assess why Churchill’s views of Germany were not supported. A-A* What were Churchill’s views of Germany in 1933? Churchill saw the Hitler regime that was established in 1933 as dangerous. He saw continuity with the situation before 1914, when Germany had been a threat to world peace. Churchill had written a book, The World Crisis, which had stressed the rise of Germany and its impact on the balance of power in Europe and the threat of German expansion which now seemed to be happening again. Churchill was influenced by the work of his ancestor John Churchill from his book, Marlborough, his life and times, in which England is portrayed fighting against the domination of Europe by the powerful Louis XIV and being ultimately defeated by England. It was the fear of domination of the continent by a single power that had driven British policy for centuries and Churchill’s interests led him to believe that this was happening again! Churchill was worried that the peace established in 1919 was about to be broken by Hitler as they may take advantage of weaker states created after WW1.

LO: What was Churchill’s attitude towards Germany after 1933? Describe Churchill’s views on Germany. E-D Explain Churchill’s views on Germany. C-B Assess why Churchill’s views of Germany were not supported. A-A* What were Churchill’s views of Germany in 1933? Churchill saw the regime in Germany as brutal. He disliked its racism and the violence it displayed, for example, in the murder of opponents. Unlike the other leaders, Churchill had been a member of the government which had agreed the ToV which Hitler now wanted to break. Churchill was especially worried about air power and Hitler building up a new German air force. He understood the dangers of air warfare and feared that Britain would be defenceless. As colonial secretary he had approved air attacks on Iraqi rebels in 1920 and knew the effects of aerial bombing. As early as 1934 he warned against Germany developing stronger air power than Britain. When Hitler reintroduced conscription in 1935, Churchill was worried this was another sign of a revival of German militarism. The British Government's response to German rearmament was to try and limit it through the Anglo-German Naval Treaty, 1935 (total tonnage of the Kriegsmarine was to be 35% of the total tonnage of the Royal Navy) – CHURCHILL CRITICISED THIS AS A SIGN OF WEAKNESS!

LO: What was Churchill’s attitude towards Germany after 1933? Describe Churchill’s views on Germany. E-D Explain Churchill’s views on Germany. C-B Assess why Churchill’s views of Germany were not supported. A-A* Why did Churchill not gain more support for his views? There were many reasons why Churchill’s attitude to Germany was unpopular in Britain. Some thought Germany had been treated too harshly by the ToV. There was a great deal of anti-war feeling and rearmament was unpopular. Churchill seemed to be advocating initiating another arms race. It was widely thought that the naval race between Britain and Germany had led to WW1. he also appeared somewhat hypocritical since he had initiated much British disarmament in the 1920’s. Some in Ger. And the political right in Britain sympathised with Hitler due to his opposition to communism and the national revival he had initiated in Germany, thus even Churchill’s natural allies did not support his views.

LO: What was Churchill’s attitude towards Germany after 1933? Describe Churchill’s views on Germany. E-D Explain Churchill’s views on Germany. C-B Assess why Churchill’s views of Germany were not supported. A-A* Why did Churchill not gain more support for his views? Churchill’s worry about German air power so early seemed to be too alarmist. Churchill seemed to be putting possible clashes with Germany ahead of Britain’s need to look after her own people at a time of economic distress. Given Churchill’s views on Empire and India, his anti-German stance seemed to be yet another example of his living in the past and harking back to Edwardian England, which had viewed Germany as the main enemy. Churchill seemed to ignore the role of the LoN in keeping peace at a time when there were still high hopes for the League’s success.

LO: What was Churchill’s attitude towards Germany after 1933? Describe Churchill’s views on Germany. E-D Explain Churchill’s views on Germany. C-B Assess why Churchill’s views of Germany were not supported. A-A* Task: On your sheet is an exam-style question that asks you to agree with a specific statement and a series of sources relevant to the question. Use your own knowledge and the information from todays lesson to decide whether the sources support or challenge the statement in the question and explain why through annotation or written answers on paper. CHALLENGE: Below are a set of common reasons why sources can be unreliable. Using sources A-C, for each source write a critical account of whether it is a reliable or unreliable piece of evidence, justifying your answer by referring to the definitions below. Vested interest: The source is written so that the writer can protect his own power or interests. Second-hand report: The writer is not in a position to know and is relying on someone else's information. Expertise: The source is written on a subject on which the author is an expert. Political bias: The source is written by a politician and it reflected their political views. Reputation: The source is written to protect the writer’s reputation.