Italian and German Involvement

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Presentation transcript:

Italian and German Involvement Spanish Civil War 1936-39 Italian and German Involvement

Background “War of Ideologies” Fought between Republicans and Nationalists Attempted seizure of power led by General Francisco Franco in 1936 Failure to take the capital (Madrid) led to civil war

Foreign Support and Intervention Predominantly from authoritarian states Nationalists (right-wing supporters) Germany and Italy major source of armaments and money Republicans (left-wing; government supporters) Soviet Union only major source of arms (extremely slow delivery) Also came from Mexico, despite U.S. and Latin American condemnation

Reasons for Italian Support Territory (Balearic Islands) Ideology Weakening of France (close links to Populist Government) Militarize people of Italy

“At the Nuremburg Trials, Goering claimed that the chief motive of Germany was to use Spain as a testing ground for the German air force, but this seems to have been a very minor reason. Hitler’s thinking had much more to do with promoting a favourable balance of power in Western Europe and using a Nationalist-run Spain to weaken France, allowing Germany to expand unopposed into Eastern Europe. His main aim was to prevent the emergence of a Spanish-French bloc which might be directed against Germany.” Patricia Knight, historian

Reasons for German Involvement Mineral resources and military bases Test air force on civilian populations “Defender against Communism” Undermine French security

Response of Other European Powers Mainly non-interventionist, though France covertly sent minor resources Why would the European nations be hesitant to intervene?

Effects of Involvement Franco becomes dictator of Spain in 1939; consolidated right-wing parties into his regime. Italy Germany High economic cost increased trade w/Germany Exposed military weakness Increased tensions with France and Britain Italy drew closer to Germany Polarized opinion in Europe (due to length) Reinforced suspicions between GB/France and the Soviet Union (no strong anti-Fascist stance) Hitler believed Britain would not take strong action