Organizational Skills Management David L. Page ECE 400 The University of Tennessee November 21, 2005

Exercise Divide into three groups. Elect a leader. Have the leader meet me in the hallway. Task Materials 8 ½ x 11 white paper (20) Paper clips (4) Masking tape (2 ft) Rubber bands (5) 4 x 6 Index cards (10) Build ? November 11, 2018 Slide 2

Exercise (Cont.) After team leader returns… Congratulations! We have been selected to design a new art structure for the entrance of the new ECE building. You must use only the materials given. You have 20 minutes to complete your structure. Three criteria used to judge final designs Maximum height of structure Durability Overall beauty After 20 minutes, I will need… Completed structure Team name November 11, 2018 Slide 3

Leaders versus Managers Managers have legitimate or positional power as a result of their post For leaders, the source of their ability to influence others comes from their expertise or from their personality. Possible to be a leader without being a manager. Also, possible to be a manager with no leadership skills. Typically, though, the best managers are also leaders. November 11, 2018 Slide 4

Lewin, Lippitt, and White Studied boys in arts and crafts clubs led by adults (1930s) Three types of leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire Autocratic leaders These leaders told the boys what sorts of models they would make. They sometimes praised or blamed them but did not explain their comments. Democratic leaders They discussed various possible projects and allowed the boys to make their own decisions (built consensus). They explained their comments. Laissez-faire leaders They left the boys very much to their own devices. They did not become involved and generally participated little in the group's activities November 11, 2018 Slide 5

Lewin et al. Findings Autocratic (Task centered) Aggressive towards each other Submissive to leader Two types of members Aggressive: members become rebellious Apathetic: Place fewer demands on the leader and less critical of leader Higher productivity than other groups Lower quality of products Democratic (Person centered) Got along well with each other (high morale) Approaches to leader were task related Accomplish less work than autocratic (moderate productivity) When group leader leaves, group continues to be productive independently. Fair amount of originality Higher quality Laissez-faire (Not really leadership, rather a neglect of duty) Worst groups of all Very little work done Low productivity Little cooperation and place great demands on leader Show little ability to work independently November 11, 2018 Slide 6

Fiedler’s Contingency Model Task oriented is most effective when Relations are good Task is highly structured Leader has substantial power and authority Or the exact opposite of the above conditions People oriented (relations approach) is most effective when Relations are only moderately good Leader has a degree of power and authority In general, best managers are those that place High concern for people AND high concern for task http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadstl.html November 11, 2018 Slide 7

Appropriate Leadership Style Factory employee who is new to the job. Laundry worker who sorts laundry. Three long-time receptionists ask for same day off for legitimate reasons. Employees are receiving CPR training. A programmer refuses to follow the company’s coding policies. District salesperson who spends most of the year on the road. Autocratic Bureaucratic Democratic Laissez-faire The employee is new and needs to learn what to do. Employee is performing a routine task over and over. Employees are used to working together and can help solve the problem. Safety or security training must be done the same way each time. Employee is challenging the manager’s power. Employee is able to perform work w/o supervision Bureaucratic – Management “by the book.” This manager is really more of a police officer than a leader. He or she enforces the rules. November 11, 2018 Slide 8

Homework 1 Consider each of these statements below. Think of a time when you, or a leader over you, used the authoritarian (autocratic) style of leadership. Think of a time when you or a leader over you used the participative (democratic) style of leadership. Think of a time when you or a leader over you used the “by the book” (bureaucratic) style of leadership. Think of a time when you or a leader over you used the delegative (free reign) style of leadership. (Delegative is a more positive version of laissez-faire style.) Write some comments about each statement. Did it work? Could a different style have worked better? How did the employees feel about the decision? Did everyone learn from that style and what did they learn? Which style is easiest to use, and why? Which style do you prefer the leaders over you to use, and why? Post your write up on your webpage (~one page). Only one per team. November 11, 2018 Slide 9

Homework 2 Go to the website: www.keirsey.com Click on “Take the Keirsey Tempermant Sorter II” Create a user account and take the test After your results, read through the website about the different tempermants November 11, 2018 Slide 10