Stages of the French Revolution Estates General Meeting of Estates Generals: Louis XVI assembled to solve the financial crisis. First Estate (Clergy), Second estate (nobility), Third Estate (peasants)

Tennis Court Oath Tennis Court Oath: June 1789, Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly and pledged to write a new constitution

Storming of the Bastille Storming of the Bastille: stormed the bastille (fort and prison) on July 14, 1789. They took gunpowder and it signaled the start of the revolution.

March on Versailles March on Versailles: October 5, 1789, seven thousands women marched 12 miles from Paris to Versailles (the winter palace) to demand break from the king. He promised to give them bread but never did

Reign of Terror Guillotine Execution: guillotine, used for the majority of executions during the Reign of Terror. During two years, 40,000 were executed, mostly by guillotine. Robespierre was taken to guillotine for his part in all the treason

Crowning of Napolean Coronation of Napoleon: he ruled as dictator and emperor for 15 years (1799-1814). He stopped revolutionary reforms such as free speech and press, but maintained moderate reforms such as abolishment of feudal privileges

Executions during French Revolution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vny3AFcV4Qs

Charles Dickens bio Popular in his own time Father sent to the debtors’ prison when Charles was 12 (for 3 years) Dickens gained a fascination with prisons and the poor during this time Born 1812-1870 Born and raised in England

Tale of Two Cities Chapter reviews Setting: Paris, France London, England between 1775-1793

Chapter 1 Parallel structure: England vs. France symbols Louis XVI (16) 1754- Born 1770- Marries 1774- King Woodsman: fate personified Farmer: personifies death Moveable framework: guillotine “along the roads that lay before them” (3). Fate/foreshadow

Idiom “riding shotgun”

20 iles 20 miles across Channel Jerry Cruncher (messenger) from London to Dover and back Jarvis Lorry (passenger) going from London to Paris for business. Gets a message and sends back response. 20 miles across Channel 20 iles

Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Dover, England Char: Lorry Allusions Figurative Language Char: Lucie Epithets Symbols Themes Char: Pross Caricature Saint Antoine, Paris, France Symbols Char: Gaspard Anaphora/Personification: Hunger Char: Defarge and wife Epithets Char: Dr. Manette

Chapter 6- end of Book I Chapter 6 Figurative Languages Epithets Lucie- role reversal Symbols Epistrophe Human Nature- theme Bastille- allusion Themes Motifs

Book the Second The Golden Thread Ch. 1 Metaphorical titles of Bk 2 and Ch 1 Setting: England, March 1780 Char: Tellson’s Bank Death- Epistrophe Char: Jerry Cruncher + fam Foreshadow: “exceedingly red-eyed and grim, as if he had been up all night at a party which had taken anything but a convivial turn” Cliffhanger: “ ‘Always rusty! His fingers is al-ways rusty!’ muttered young Jerry. ‘Where does my father get all that iron rust from? He don’t get no iron rust here!”

Bk 2, Ch. 3- A Disappointment Title metaphor… “buzz” Attorney General’s (lawyer for county) charges against Darnay Solicitor-General’s (defense attorney for client) discrediting of Barsad and Cly’s testimonies (5 total) Lucie’s testimony both damaging and helpful to Darnay’s case How Carton helps Stryver Carton’s characterization Theme- resurrection Old Bailey courthouse

Bk 2, Ch. 4-5 Chapter 4 Characterize Stryver Manette- recalled to life? Significance to Stryver’s name Carton’s jealousy of Darnay Foil characters Hook Chapter 5 Metaphorical title Stryver vs. Carton’s relationship Carton’s childhood -blames for miserable life Fate Hook

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvweIBn7q-o lions vs. jackals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqly5kyO2MI

Ch. 6- POD paper review Why is Miss Pross unhappy because there are “dozens” and “hundreds” of people coming to visit Lucie? Who is Solomon? What questions does Lorry ask Pross concerning the doctor and his shoemaking tools? 4. Why is Dr. Manette afraid to remember his past? 5. Why is Darnay’s story about the prisoner in the tower upsetting to Manette? Cross Reference 6. Explain the foreshadow/significance at the end of the chapter.

Ch. 7-8- POD review Ch. 8 4. Characterize Gabelle and Monseigneur (relationship and roles) Symbol- “blue cap” 5. “ tall as a spectre”- characterize/CR Restore to life- theme Marquis- stone cold apathy Hook Ch. 7 1. Two columns describing 1st estate vs. 3rd estates lifestyles 2. Characterize Farmer General and Monseigneur (relationship and titles) Symbol- fountain 3. Find at least 2 biblical allusions

Ch. 9 Twin brother! Darnay- renounce this propery and France Connection between Marquis and Manette Repetition- three heavy hours Symbol- fountain (CR) Jacques- (CR) Nobleman’s stony apathy his inability to comprehend the suffering of the people or make an effort. Greek allusion- gorgon Setting Characterize- Marquis Foreshadow- stone cold Suspense- is Darnay his nephew? Shadows…he is nervous and anxious Motif- doubles- names Secret business- trial Allusion- Letter de cachet Motif- doubles- ideals and morals

Ch. 10 Pod Paper 6. What promise concerning his past does Darnay make to Dr. Manette? 7. Identify and explain the significance for one example of anaphora and cite. 8. Identify and cite multiple examples that Dr. Manette is greatly disturbed by the prospect of Darnay and Lucie’s marriage. 9. Give two examples of motifs AND CR each to previous chapters. Explain their significance to the novel. 10. Identify, cite and explain one example of foreshadow. Explain the setting. How does Darnay earn his living in England? Identify the TWO promises Darnay and Dr. Manette make concerning Lucie. Describe Manette’s current status of being “recalled to life” as evidenced in this chapter. How long has Darnay been “so intimate here”?

Ch. 11-12 Note: 12/13 juxtapose one another Q&A for either Ch. 11 or 12? Each POD will take a character and analyze. Include traits and examples. Scuba dive! Things to consider: physical traits, static vs. dynamic, external influences, what other characters say/think about them, upbringing, etc. What is Dickens’ purpose for including this character in the novel? Characters: Darnay, Dr. Manette, Pross, Jerry, Lucie, Stryver, Defarge, Mdm. Defarge, Lorry, Monseigneur the Marquis/twin

In Ch. 13, why does Carton say he is grateful that Lucie does not love or want to marry him? CR. Consider/analyze: Carton cannot conceive himself changing for the better. What secret does Carton ask Lucie to keep as the “last confidence” of his life? Analyze. CR. Assume the closing of this chapter is an example of foreshadowing. What future event do you think Dickens is suggesting? In Ch. 14, what is Cruncher’s after-hours secret occupation? CR. List 3 examples of mischief in which the crowds following Cly’s funeral engage after the casket is buried. Why does the mob disperse finally? What does the phrase “no fish for breakfast” suggest regarding Cruncher’s nighttime occupation? CR/analyze little Jerry. Ch. 13-14 Note: Chapter 12: the Fellow of Delicacy vs. Chapter 13: the Fellow of no Delicacy are two metaphorical chapter titles that juxtapose one another. Take a few minutes to compare/contrast these concepts between the chapters above.

Ch. 15 https://skyfishknits. wordpress “thin wine” symbolic Setting- revolutionary’s secret meeting place CR Bk I, Ch. 5 Contrast Defarge and wife Dual views of the revolution Apartment/attic- CR Bk I, Ch. 5 Mender of the roads- CR and characterize Gaspard’s arrest- CR Onomatopoeia- “tramp tramp” Personification- prison Parallelism Whispers at fountain- CR buzz in the court Inhumane treatment of the time- Damiens’ death (25 years prior) Gaspard’s death Fountain- symbol- polluted Foreshadow- “the chateau and all the race,” extermination. Knitting- epithet/significance Hook

Ch. 16- Pod review and share with class themes Themes to CR (5-7 ex): Revenge Injustice Evils of Revolution Sacrifice Hope Human kind’s capacity for violence and evil Social oppression Loyalty Resurrection & renewal Suffering Have DLPs out for check Q&A Mdm vs. M. Defarge’s views Rose- symbol for spy Allusions

Ch. 17-18- POD review- grading Manette refers to his past imprisonment the night before Lucie’s wedding. What is Lucie’s reaction to this conversation? CR A motif is confusion between reality vs. illusion. Cite an event in this chapter. CR to other events in the book. The night before her wedding, why does Lucie check on her father? CR 4. CR Darnay’s secretive meeting with Manette the morning of the wedding. What are they discussing? 5. Why does Manette begin to make shoes again after Lucie and Darnay leave? CR 6. What does Lorry observe about Manette after the 9th day? What does he tell Lucie?

Ch. 19- Carey review Any remaining Q&A Ch. 17-18? Metaphorical title Setting- 10th day of relapse Dark imagery Motif- shoemaker’s bench Manette’s state of mind- confusion “cautiously proceed to seek direction and guidance from the opinion he had been…” 3rd person conversation (CR Bk 1) Lucie doesn’t know of relapse Only Lorry and Pross know 3 questions: Will this happen again? Does overwork cause it? Remove shoe bench? Darnay’s secret on wedding day/loss of Lucie caused relapse “Blacksmith’s work” Theme: sacrifice Metaphor/simile of bench

Ch. 20- Carey review Figurative Language Review 1. Repetition forms: anaphora and epistrophes 2. Epithets and paradox 3. Personification and hyperboles 4. Imagery: dark vs. light 5. Imagery: verbal, dramatic and situational 6. POV shifts and caricatures 7. Symbols 8. Allusions: historical, biblical, Greek 9. Foil characters and juxtapositions 10. Idiom, similes, metaphors Figurative Language Review Each pod assigned a term. Define and find multiple examples to CR. Include significance for Dickens’ using this type of language for the reader. 30 minutes to work as a pod and then share

Ch. 21-22- Carey Review Ch. 21 Ch. 22 Metaphorical title: Lucie’s son, Carton, Stryver 1789 Setting mid July symbol- lightning (CR) Lorry- Tellson’s business Dark imagery Tons of foreshadow Setting shift change to France- storming of the Bastille (July 14) 105 North Tower Symbolism of 7 Water- symbol (CR) Metaphorical title Mdm Defarge characterize Vengeance characterize Old Foulon/son in law Killings by the peasants impact their lives Greek allusion- furies Drums- dual meaning

Ch. 23- POD Review Q&A Work on Bk 2 Allusions page in packet

Ch. 24 Setting: August 14, 1792 (3 yrs) Tellson’s, England Darnay= Marquis St. Evremonde Irony- “I wish I were going myself” Allusions- biblical, literary, historical Loadstone Allusion Lorry (78 yrs old), employed 60 yrs CR Ch. 18 & 6- secret Catalyst- Gabelle’s plea Stryver, Lorry, Darnay- letter Stryver’s POV on Marquis Theme- Human Nature Characterization- Darnay Hist Allusion- Abbaye 2 letters to Lucie & Doctor Themes- sacrifice, loyalty “heavy mist” CR Bk I Hook

Thursday- finish Bk 2 Allusions/Green packet Ch. 24- POD Review Motifs to CR to class: Spies 2. Prisons 3. Coincidences 4. Secrets 5. Darkness/Shadows 6. Light 7. Doubles 8. Shoebench 9. Fate 10. Love Thursday- finish Bk 2 Allusions/Green packet Friday- motifs review Q&A Green packet due 6/2: Documentary Symbols Ivy Green Active Reading Parallelism Allusions

Ch. 1 Bk 3, Ch. 1-2 Ch. 2 Book 3 metaphorical title Chapter 1’s metaphorical title Aristocrat + emigrant Situational irony- decree Setting- August 14, 1792 Epithet- traveler Monsieur Defarge- loyalties Liberty cap- symbol Epithet- prisoner- Evremonde 37 years old (25 at trial) 12 years since trail Book 2 Solitary confinement parallels Manette Bk 1 La Force prison- allusion Metaphor- aristocrats = ghosts Light/dark imagery Darnay/Evremonde are doubles – char: regret Hook- parallel Darnay and Manette Setting: September 3, 1792; Tellson’s Bank, Paris Motif: darkness Grindstone, mob mentality- symbol repeated) Manette- role- reversal “privileged person” characterization CR revolution and the murders of the aristocracy – Dickens belief? Theme: human violence, loyalty, suffering, hope Characterize Lucie- ideal woman Epithet- white hair Anaphora- “o the long, long night” Imagery- blood, foreshadow

Bk 3, Ch. 3-5 Carey Review Q+A POD Review: Ch. 3, metaphorical title, motif and foreshadow= Vengeance and Mdm. Defarge Situational Irony- takes “the shadow” to Lucie and her family Monsieur Defarge’s role= loyalties Verbal irony- Lucie’s comments to Madam Defarge Characterize Jerry Note: repetition= weekly installments of newspaper Characterize Madam Defarge= imagery Fate- symbol, personification, Dickens Lucie- static, ideal woman Ch. 4, setting- 4 days later Title- oxymoron/metaphor Manette- dynamic character! characterize Define: The Tribunal, The Law of the Suspected= historical allusions Guillotine- allusion/jokes made regarding Biblical allusions Carey Review Q+A Dramatic irony Doubles- motif Manette- 62 years old Theme- hope Allusion- Reign of Terror 1 year, 3 months have passed since Charles imprisoned in France. Ch. 5, Samson- wooden shoes CR! Asyndeton- ; repetition Setting- France, December 1793 Symbolism- 3 o’clock Allusion- Carmagnole Compassion- speaks and gives money to Samson Personification, light/dark imagery, motifs, symbols, CR Hook!!!!! Who is with Mr. Lorry?!?!

Bk 3, Ch. 6-10 26 May 2017 Ch. 9-10 Carey review More movie? Share your annotations! Ch. 7-8 POD Review Ch 7, setting: same day. Metaphorical title- tone/fear Role-reversal Motif- shadows Lucie- char (note reactions) Manette- char (note reactions) Theme- renewal Bk 1, Ch 1 Juxtaposing images “in the universal fear and distrust…” Cruncher – char/epithet Pross- char/caricature Why can’t they leave France yet? Foreshadow/simile/personification “the staircase is as still as death” 4 have come for Charles- who are they? What is charge? Who denounces him? Ch 8, metaphorical title /what are the hands at cards made? Setting: evening/mist National Razor- allusion Anaphora & Polysyndeton “;of the…” Barsad vs. Pross- relationship/ char Biblical & hist allusions (multiple) Jerry recognizes Barsad CR to Bk 1 & 2 Dialect- sheep Tellson’s Bank is old Monseigneur’s house CR Jackal char- “Carton’s negligent recklessness” Foreshadow/sacrifice/char “There was a braced purpose…” Dr. Manette’s influence or lack of now??? Hhandos at caHand at Cards- 3: Sdkjfkdjfkdjfdk 1. Barsad’s false/double names Sdkdkdkdkkdd 2. Spy for France Dkdkdkd 3. Spy for England Carton blackmails Barsad for assistance More movie?

Chapter 10 Note: This is Manette’s journal being read as evidence in Darnay’s 3rd trial! Flashback 1st POV Setting: December 1767 Title- CR shadow and darkness tone Hid in chimney (CR Defarge finding) 10 years in prison at this time Sane of mind. Important! Darnay born 1755 Reviews unjust reason for imprisonment Marquis & twin- doubles Symbol- fountain- Beauvaius CR Char: Marquis and brothers throughout ch Theme: oppression Patient- characterize the young woman 24 hours of feverish ravings 2nd patient- characterize the brother of woman Hubris of the Rev “A crazed young common dog…” Theme: fate/humankind’s capacity “He was quite incapable of any compassionate…” Epistrophe “us” “We were so robbed” CR to Gaspard Ch. 7 Theme: oppression Paradox/doubles/hubris “The two opposing kinds of pride…” imagery Rape of woman/Uncle the worst!!!! “young sister” what char is that?????? CR Bk 2, registry “in the days when all these things are to be answered for…” 26 hours then woman dies. Father, husband, woman, unborn child all dead. Little sister survives and in hiding “safe” Twins pay Manette for silence Rouleau of gold- symbol of corruption CR Darnay and mother- atonement for sins Hook

Theme: Rebirth Bk 3, Ch. 11-13 Ch. 11, metaphorical title Chapter 13 Metaphorical title- 52 3rd person limited- Darnay Theme: fate (CR) 3 letters (CR Bk 2): Lucie, Manette, Lorry Irony- “he never thought of Carton” CR and characterize Darnay and Carton Flashbacks- Darnay- theme of sacrifice Carton- dynamic character- characterize! VAPOUR- (CR Ch. 9) Epithet/Symbol- Christ Figure (CR) 52 must die! (CR Ch. 9) Barsad’s part in the plan (CR Ch. 8-9) Setting: “dark winter day…” Seamstress- char/injustice/corruption Parallel/Setting shift “the same shadows…on the prison…on the Barrier” All flee- 52 die! Epistrophe - “Us” Ch. 11, metaphorical title Significance of “a life you love?” CR Purpose for Manette’s message to Lorry at 9 PM Hook Ch. 12, metaphorical title Purpose for Carton at wine shop What does he learn there? Why do the Defarges speak so freely in front of Carton? Carey Q + A Theme: Rebirth

Bk 3, Ch. 14-15 Ch. 14- the knitting done- metaphor Parallel structure- setting shift (same time as Ch. 13) Char Madam Defarge vs. husband Juxtaposition- opposition Char all Rev leaders “Wife and child must follow…” Loyalties Doubles- Lucie and Little Lucie CR Woodsawyer’s witnessing of Lucie “Celestial witness” Vengeance idolizes Mdm. Defarge Conflict- “No, I cannot spare him” 3pm- the 52 being executed today- Darnay Vengeance to execution, Mdm to another “engagement” Sympathy- at home grieving, more proof! Epithets/caricatures- Pross vs. Defarge Characterize!!!! CR Suspense Theme- sacrifice, love, loyalty Ch. 15- the footsteps die out for Ever CR Hubris of French Rev Historical allusion- tumbrils Desensitized to the deaths- hist allusion Biblical allusion- Jezebels Mob mentality Characterize Carton and Seamstress Barsad char “he is going to pay…” 3pm execution time for the 52 “The supposed Evremonde” CR change places- sacrifice- a life you love Fate Theme: Sacrifice, love, renewal, hope Carton’s last words if written- 1st POV Soliloquy Pity/tears CR from Lucie Parallelism- beginning/end ideas and structure “Recalled to life” Sacrifice for love earns himself an honored place in Manette family and heaven

More historical terminology: Tumbrils of the Revolution Monty Python- Bring Out Your Dead! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGFXGwHsD_A Letres de cachet Law of the Suspects Carmagnole First American Continental Congress

Major Characters Jarvis Lorry Charles Darnay 60 yrs old Bank clerk for Tellson’s Bank in London 25 yrs old Known in France as Evremonde Left France to live in England Tutors languages

Major characters Miss Lucie Manette Dr. Alexandre Manette 17 yrs old Daughter of Dr. Manette Born in France Lives in London Lucie’s father Prisoner in Bastille for 18 yrs

Major Characters Monsieur Ernest Defarge Lives in Paris Madame Therese Defarge Owner of wine-shop Leader of revolution Former servant to Dr. Manette Rescues him and calls Mr. Lorry Married to Madame Defarge Wife of Monsieur Defarge Works into knitting the names of enemies of Revolution so they can be identified and executed Vindictive and full of revenge

Major Characters Sydney Carton Jerry Cruncher Assistant to Stryver Drunk Looks like Charles Darnay Loves Lucie Porter and errand-man for Tellson’s Bank in London Grave-robber at night Comic relief

Minor Characters CJ Stryver Miss Pross Attorney in London Ambitious Wants to marry Lucie Manette Nurse to Lucie Manette Sister of Solomon Pross (AKA John Barsad) Caricature of English servants

Marquis St. Evremonde The Elder and his wife The cruel uncle of Charles Darnay. Also called “The Younger.” he inherited the title at “The Elder’s” death Assaulted Madame Defarge’s sister The twin brother of the Marquis St. Evremonde, referred to as “the Elder” (held the title of Marquis until his death) and his wife, who fears him. They are the parents of Charles Darnay.

Minor Characters Solomon Pross Roger Cly English spy who testifies against Charles Darnay Miss Pross’ long-lost brother English spy who testifies against Charles Darnay

Minor characters Little Lucie Daughter of Lucie Manette and Charles Darnay

Monty Python http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mv25TQibN8g Tumbrils of the Revolution

Motifs Doubles Shadows and darkness Imprisonment Parallelism Mob mentality Hope Love Loyalty Spying

Themes The ever-present possibility of resurrection and redemption The necessity of sacrifice and suffering The tendency toward violence and oppression in revolutionaries Revenge Value of Life

Style 3rd person omniscient point of view Historical Novel Dickens originally wrote the novel in weekly installments to be published in local paper. Each chapter leaves the reader hanging, full of questions that can only be answered by next week’s installment. First line one of the most famous in literature. Published 1859.