By: Martin G, Mike C, & Eddie T Carbohydrates By: Martin G, Mike C, & Eddie T

What Are Carbohydrates The structural formula for glucose What Are Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are compounds of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms that usually in a ratio of 1 : 2 : 1. Carbohydrates are important because they are the basic source of energy in our body. In other living organisms they are used for structural purposes. When our body breaks down the sugars it releases massive amounts of energy that are stored as ATP. The empirical formula is CH2O Carbon with 2 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen: C+H2O

Examples of Carbohydrates Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and make up molecules that form compounds like… Sucrose Glucose Fructose Lactose Maltose Grains Galactose

Dehydration Synthesis Dehydration synthesis is the process that bonds molecules together by removing the water. Enzymes help dehydration synthesis occur. When 2 monosaccharides go under dehydration synthesis it yields one disaccharide

Simple and Complex Carbohydrates Found in foods such as peas, beans, whole grains, fruits and vegetables Simple Additions to food like brown sugar, corn syrup, high-fructose corn syrup, glucose, fructose, and sucrose Simple & Complex Both turned to glucose (blood sugar) in the body and are used as energy. Glucose is used in the cells of the body and in the brain

Polysaccharides Polysaccharides are long chains of repeating sugar units. Polysaccharides are a sugar polymer which is a large molecule of repeating units. All excess sugars from the carbohydrates are stored as polysaccharides. Polysaccharides also form tough structures, chitin, and cellulose (in the cell walls of plants). Excess sugar in plants is called starch or cellulose Excess sugar in animals is called glycogen

Monosaccharide

Hydrolysis Hydrolysis is the opposite of dehydration synthesis Breaking down of molecules with the addition of H2O Hydrolysis occurs in digestion