Chemistry & Nutrition Unit 2

Metabolism Sum of all chemical reactions Synthesis (A+B  AB) Anabolism Combine amino acids to make proteins Decomposition (AB  A+B) Catabolism Glycogen  Glucose

Inorganic Compounds Water Daily Needs Vary Universal solvent Transport medium High heat capacity Effective lubricant Daily Needs Vary

Dehydration 2% can cause 10-20 % performance drop Thirst Physical symptoms Urine color

Water Weight? Kidneys maintain proper amount in body Start exercise &/or diet program and lose weight quickly Initial energy source is glycogen Glycogen is bound to 3-4 water molecules Deplete glycogen = lots of extra water Will be replaced by eating carbs!

Inorganic Compounds Salts (Ionic compounds) Cations & anions Electrolytes Acids & bases pH scale Buffer systems

Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins

Carbs - Monosaccharides Glucose Fructose Galactose Isomers - C6H12O6

Carbs - Disaccharides Formed by dehydration synthesis Sucrose C12H22O11 Glucose + fructose Lactose C12H22O11 Glucose + galactose

Carbs - Polysaccharides Starch & glycogen Alpha glucose Branched Easily digested Cellulose & fiber Beta glucose Unbranched Not digestible

Structure Determines Function Simple vs. Complex Hydrolysis Starch vs. Fiber

Lipids Triglycerides (saturated fats vs. mono & poly unsaturated fats)

Lipids Oils solidified by adding extra H atoms to double bonds (hydrogenation) Makes them solid or semi-solid

Trans Fats Result of side reaction during hydrogenation Added energy changes bonding to a form not recognized by the body

Proteins Made of amino acids Join by peptide bonds Enzymes, structural, etc., etc. Can denature & lose shape

NUTRITION

My Plate Food System

Basic Healthy Eating Balance caloric intake with caloric output Different caloric contents for each type of nutrient 1 g carbs = 4 calories 1 g protein = 4 calories 1 g fat = 9 calories

Reading a Food Label CHECK THE SERVING SIZE! CHECK AMOUNT OF FAT, CARBS, & PROTEIN

So why isn’t it that simple? Differences between people Counting macros Keto diet Paleo diet